In your small group (pages 266 – 268): 1. How did the Black Death affect the power of feudal lords? The high death rate led to a labor shortage on manors 2. What new interests were reflected in Renaissance art? Secular, or worldly, and individual concerns 3. How did the Renaissance bring about demands for religious reform? New ideas led people to question existing institutions and practices Candy to the group with best answers

What changes have taken place in Europe since ancient times?  Feudalism brought order to Europe  The Renaissance rediscovered classical culture and led to new ways of thinking  Martin Luther started the Reformation which led to the spread of Protestantism

How did the printing press help ideas spread during the Renaissance?  Ideas were made more accessible to more people, because books could be produced relatively quickly and cheaply

Objectives Describe how new ideas produced changes throughout Europe Identify the reasons for Europe’s expanding power around the world Explain European efforts to unite after the war SPOILER ALERT: There will be several opportunities to win lottery tickets for the MPG Player. Have index cards available.

Scientific Revolution A major change in European thinking in the mid 1500’s that led to the questioning of old theories. Change came about in modern Europe through inventions, observation, inquiry and scientific discussion

Enlightenment Age of Reason A philosophical movement in the 1600’s and 1700’s that was characterized by the use of reason and scientific methods. Reason could be used to study both human behavior and the natural world. It moved people to question government and individual rights and inspired independence movements. John Locke – people had the rights to life, liberty, and property and it was government that was responsible to protect their rights – if not, people had the right to rebel

French Revolution Enlightenment ideas (1789) inspired French citizens to challenge the monarchy and the privileges of the wealthiest classes. Louis XVI is beheaded and the “Reign of Terror” begins Napoleon seizes power in 1799 Napoleon revises the French judicial system Napoleon establishes a fairer set of laws called the Napoleonic Code Napoleon laid the foundation for modern France

Nationalism Pride in and loyalty to one’s nation European’s begin to see themselves as citizens of a nation, not a subject of a King. Push for democracy and self-government Nationalism was spread by the French Revolution By 1870’s western Europe had achieved self-government (for the most part)

Industrial Revolution The shift that began in Britain in the 1760’s from making goods by hand to making them by machine. Industrialization led to European nations to build empires Factories were built by rivers so they could be powered by water Steam powered machine factories come to cities People move from rural to urban for jobs Industrial Revolution gave rise to Imperialism

Imperialism The practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country or territory. Europe needed raw materials and new markets for their products.

WORLD WAR l WORLD WAR ll A rise in nationalism, imperialism, and military buildup increases tensions A global economic depression worsens conditions in Europe Treaties or AlliancesHitler gains control of Germany in 1933 and ignores Treaty of Versailles Assassination of Archduke FerdinandGermany invades Poland in 1939 Central Powers vs. Allies Central: Germany, Austria, Hungary and Turkey Allies: Russia, France, United Kingdom, U.S. (1917) Axis Powers vs. Allies Axis: Germany, Italy and Japan Allies: United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union, U.S. (1941) Leave room this chart continues Twice this size

WORLD WAR l WORLD WAR ll Machines guns make it difficult to advance Soldiers fight from trenches Trench warfare leads to development of new weapons; poison gas and tanks The German strategy of blitzkreig uses fast moving tanks and airplanes followed by ground troops to overwhelm the enemy Airplanes allow for the war to be fought over great distances Nazi labor and death camps - Holocaust 8.5 million soldiers and 13 million civilians die Mass physical destruction over Europe 60 million dead 6 million Jews The peace treaty blames and punishes Germany for the war, causing German resentment Two superpowers emerge after the war, the United States and the Soviet Union, leading to the Cold War

Holocaust The systematic murder of Jews and other minorities by the Nazis during WWII

KEY FACTS YOU MUST KNOW Both world wars divided Europe, yet also united nations in competing alliances During WWll nations of different foreign policies and political points of view came together to combat Nazi Germany The Allied forces had an interest in democratic government with one exception: the Communist Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin. Even so, Stalin cooperated with the Allies for the common good Sequence of Events: WWl: rise in nationalism and militarism system of alliances assassination of Archduke Ferdinand WWll: global economic depression Hitler taking power and expanding German territory Germany invades Poland KEY FACTS YOU MUST KNOW Both world wars divided Europe, yet also united nations in competing alliances During WWll nations of different foreign policies and political points of view came together to combat Nazi Germany The Allied forces had an interest in democratic government with one exception: the Communist Soviet Union led by Joseph Stalin. Even so, Stalin cooperated with the Allies for the common good Sequence of Events: WWl: rise in nationalism and militarism system of alliances assassination of Archduke Ferdinand WWll: global economic depression Hitler taking power and expanding German territory Germany invades Poland

Why did European nations begin to unite after WWII? To rebuild and prevent future wars

What is the Maastricht Treaty? It formed the European Union

What is the European Union (EU)? An organization of European nations whose members cooperate on economic, social, and political issues

What changes have taken place in Europe since ancient times?  Enlightenment ideas sparked Europeans to challenge old traditions and replace governments  The Industrial Revolution changed how people worked and led to Imperialism  European nations have worked to form closer ties after two devastating wars