February 29, 2016 Objective: Explain the composition of blood Predict outcomes of blood transfusions based on blood types Journal: What is your blood type?

Blood

Functions Transports oxygen, nutrients, fat, waste, and hormones Regulates homeostasis pH levels Temperature Protection from pathogens and toxins

Blood Composition Blood Plasma Yellowish liquid that makes up 55% of your blood Contains water, salt, oxygen, and plasma proteins Albumin: thickens blood Fibrinogen: blood clotting Globulins: antibodies that protect us from infection

Types of Blood Cells Erythrocytes aka Red Blood Cells Have no nucleus and therefore can’t undergo mitosis Created in red bone marrow Contain hemoglobin, an iron containing red pigment, which transports oxygen Transport carbon dioxide

Blood Composition White Blood Cells Leukocytes: protect against invasion and infection Phagocytes – digest unwanted microbes Neutrophils: Respond quickly Monocytes: Take longer to respond Eosinophils: Protect against irritants that cause allergies Basophils: Produce chemical to reduce blood clotting in the vessels Lympthocytes: produce antibodies that inhibit or directly attack invaders

Blood Composition Thrombocytes aka Blood Platelets Responsible for the blood’s ability to clot Release serotonin which can cause smooth muscle to constrict and decrease blood flow

Blood Clotting How blood clots formed: 1. Injury to blood vessel 2. Platelets become sticky and form a temporary plug and release clotting factors 3. Clotting factors make thrombin 4. Thrombin and fibrinogen make fibrin, a fibrous gel that traps red blood cells 5. Red blood cells get trapped together and form a clot

Blood Clotting

Blood Types Blood types are named because of the type of antigen they have on the surface of their cells Antigens: stimulate the body to make antibodies Antibodies: cause the blood to clump

ABO System Type A most common Type A antigens in RBCs anti-B antibodies in plasma Type B – Type B antigens in RBCs anti-A antibodies in plasma Type AB – universal recipient type A and B antigens in RBCs no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in plasma Type O universal donor no type A or B antigens in RBCs both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in plasma

Rh Factor Rh Factors are special antigens found in 88% of people’s blood If you have the Rh Factor you are said to be +, if you don’t you are said to be – Rh+ blood cannot be given to a person with Rh- blood