Lymphatic System and the Respiratory System BIO 1004 Flora

Blood Plasma O 45% of blood volume consists of cells suspended in a substance called plasma O Plasma consists of salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, and plasma proteins O Plasma proteins are divided into 3 groups: O Albumins – regulate osmotic pressure/blood volume O Globulins – fight infection O Fibrinogen – aid in blood clotting

Red Blood Cells O Also called erythrocytes O These cells transport oxygen O Get their color from hemoglobin which is a protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body O Produced in bone marrow O Old RBC’s are destroyed in the liver and spleen

White Blood Cells O Also called leukocytes O Produced in the bone marrow and contain nuclei O Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria O Lymphocytes – special class of WBC that produce antibodies that destroy pathogens (bacteria that cause a disease)

Platelets and Blood Clotting O Blood has the ability to clot O Using plasma proteins and cell fragments (platelets), the clotting is possible O Some large cells in bone marrow can break into pieces surrounding themselves with a cell membrane and are called platelets O Platelets release clotting factors that convert plasma protein into mesh filaments that stop bleeding O Ex: Hemophilia

Lymphatic System O Is a network of vessels, nodes, and organs that collect fluid lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system O About 3 liters of fluid leak out of the circulatory system PER DAY!! O This fluid is known as lymph O Lymph is returned to the superior vena cava O Lymph nodes act as filters – trapping bacteria and other microorganisms O Absorb fats and vitamins from digestive tract O Spleen – cleanses the blood and removes damaged cells before returning to the circulatory system O Disorder - Edema

Respiratory System O Respiration – means “gas exchange” O Function is to bring about exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood, air, and tissues. O Structures of the respiratory system: O Pharynx – passageway for both air and food O Trachea – windpipe – transports air to lungs O Epiglottis – tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing

Cont. Structures of the Respiratory System O Cilia – sweep trapped particles and mucus away from the lungs toward the pharynx O Larynx – top part of the trachea that contains vocal cords O Diaphragm – flat muscle that contracts allowing the ribs to expand and fills the lungs with air

The Bronchi/Gas Exchange O Bronchi – passageway at the end of the trachea that transports air to the lungs O Bronchus are then divided into bronchi that divides into bronchioles O Bronchioles then divide into alveoli which are tiny air sacs O Capillaries connect to alveoli allowing gas exchange O Disorder O Cilia paralysis