Waves in Action. WAVES waves in pool link to waves in water spherelink to waves in water sphere.

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Presentation transcript:

Waves in Action

WAVES

waves in pool link to waves in water spherelink to waves in water sphere

Recall…… ENERGY is the ability to push something and make it move

ENERGY can be transferred in two ways…

Transferring some matter

Using a WAVE

Types of Wave Mechanical need a medium eg Sound Water Siesmic Slinky Electromagnetic don’t need a medium eg Light Radio X ray

Waves travel in two different ways. Wave Types

Transverse waves are when the displacement is at right angles to the direction of the wave… Longitudinal waves are when the displacement is parallel to the direction of the wave…

wave machine

Wave Types go to Applet Menu > Waves

Water Waves

A A Some definitions… Amplitude (A) Wavelength ( ) Crest Trough distance from equilibrium to crest this is the distance between two corresponding points (crest to crest) Displacement (x) distance from equilibrium to to any point x

Period- this is the time for one wave to pass a point. It is measured in seconds (s) Frequency – this is how many waves pass a point every second. It is measured in Hertz (Hz)

If 20 waves pass you in one minute, what is the period of the wave? 20 waves = 60 s 1 wave =3 s T= 3s Calculate the frequency of the wave.

Wave Equation λ

Nb speed isn’t frequency…………… Stringwave The frequency of a wave is the number of waves passing in one second. (or the number of times a part of the wave wiggles in one second) The speed of a wave is the distance it travels in one second

SOUND Sound is produced by things vibrating. Sound travels in longitudinal waves through the air (or other medium)

You can hear sound in the range of approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Sound waves link to phet sound

We hear high frequency waves as high pitch We hear large amplitude waves as loud phet sound

compression rarefaction wavelength

Drawing a Sound Wave Sound can be analysed by an oscilloscope or a computer. It draws a graph of the wave.

pressure position This is a snapshot of the whole wave at one time

pressure time This is a movie of the pressure at one place microphone

Electromagnetic Waves EM waves

Reflection Pulses fixed end

Reflection of Pulses free end

Refraction of Pulses fast to slow

Refraction of Pulses slow to fast

Wave Reflection

Reflection of Waves

Refraction

DEEP SHALLOW DEEP

Which wave refracts most? Long wavelengths refracts most?

Gradual Wave Refraction

Interference

adding pulses

link to refraction of pulses

Diffraction When waves pass through a narrow gap they spread out or………Diffract. The amount of diffraction depends on the size of the gap compared with the size of the wavelength Link to Diffraction animation

Diffraction Link to Diffraction animation The smaller the gap, the more diffraction The bigger the wavelength, the more diffraction

Why can you pick up radio signals better than TV? TV waves are high frequency, short wavelength.

Radio waves are low frequency, long wavelength. Long wavelengths diffract more

Wave Interference

ripple tank + path diff

Interference of Light When light shines through a double slit interference occurs:

Explanation

in phase This produces a big wave (constructive interference) when the path difference is the waves arrive

when the path difference is the waves arrive out of phase This produces no wave (destructive interference)

We will look at interference of sound waves LINK TO phet sound Recall the definition of path difference. Recall the definition of constructive interference and destructive interference. Explain what causes the loud and quiet spots.

This is what you see in the ripple tank K:\PHYSICS\POWER POINT & VIDEOS\1 Light & Waves\Sound\wave-interferenceK:\PHYSICS\POWER POINT & VIDEOS\1 Light & Waves\Sound\wave-interference

And this is why….

At an antinode, the path difference is The waves arrive in phase They add constructively and produce a big wave

At a node, the path difference is The waves arrive out of phase They add destructively and produce no wave

(extension) Young’s Equation

x λ θ L link to desuren wave animation d

link to young's expt

Link to factors affecting InterferenceLink to factors affecting Interference