Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle in Computer Scientist’s Perspective by Minho Shin, Myongji University

Minho Shin Dept. of Computer Engineering, MJU Joined MJU in March, 2011 Before: Dartmouth College, Samsung Research Area – Wireless Networks & Security – Mobile Computing & Privacy Projects – Vehicle to Vehicle Communication for ITS – Smartphone Privacy – Interoperability of SG & EV Human-centrilc Mobile Computing Lab (HMCL) –

Interoperability Project Build interoperability certification system – Between EV and Charger – Between EV and SG Grant: 2.5 billion / 3 yrs from MKE Participants: KTL, MJU (3p10s), PNE Activities – Standard follow-ups – Building EV-charging station testbed

Power Grid

One-way power flow Power Grid

One-way power flow Use or discard 100 Energy Waste Power Grid

One-way power flow Use or discard Over-provision Energy Waste Power Grid

Load forecasting model Peak load Supply = Peak load * 1.2 Wasted Energy Over-provision

Supply Unexpected peak demand Emergency Supply Detection Turn on peaker plants Detection Turn on peaker plants Rescue in 10 min Over-provision Expensive Inefficient Limited

Solution: match demand to supply Supply

Solution: match demand to supply Supply

Effect of Demand Shifting Benefits – Save 67 billion Euros in Europe – Save 130 billion dollars in US – Reduce CO 2 emission Massive investments on smart grid – 11 billion investments by Obama – US DoE target: 20% reduction of peak demand

How? Smart metering – Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) Realize real-time demand response – lower peak load EMS Demand information Demand control message Smart meter

Go Green Renewable Energy Sources – Wind turbine – Solar panel By 2030, US target: 20% But… – Renewable energy is intermittent – Highly distributed We need – Intelligent power management strategy – Smart control system

Smart Grid = Power Grid + AMI + Renewables + …

Why Electric Vehicle? Electric Vehicle – Car run by electricity (or with gasoline) Benefit – Reduction of CO 2 emission 15% of CO 2 by transportation – Driver’s Cost – Reduce dependence on oil

Smart Grid = Grid + AMI + Renewable + EV System Operator System Operator HAN

EV Charing Problem Can we feed EVs? – Increase peak demand EV-charging

EV Charging Problem Can we feed EVs? – Increase peak demand Solution – Smart Charging Schedule – Time-varying price That’s it?? EV-charging

Active role of EV in Smart Grid EV – Power stored in battery – Available (parked) 90% of time – Aggregated, highly reliable power resource Use the stored power for Grid – help balance power production/consumption – Real-time regulation service – Make money Grid charge discharge

V2G market projection by 2020

V2G revenues Peak power Spinning reserves Regulation services

Smart Grid and Computer Science Smart Grid is a cyber-physical system Sense Process & Decision Actuate

Smart Grid & Computer Science CS problems – Real-time data processing – Communication & Networking – Fault-tolerant system architecture – Interoperability – Security & Privacy – Programming model – Visualization – etc…

Smart Grid & Computer Science CS problems – Real-time data processing – Communication & Networking – Fault-tolerant system architecture – Interoperability – Security & Privacy – Programming model – Visualization – etc…

Smart Metering Communications Neighborhood Mesh Network Home Area Network

Integrate smart meter into home gateway home appliances are connected wirelessly, communicate with smart-meter Collectively perform energy consumption monitoring application

Neighborhood Network Routing Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network Data aggregation via Multiple Gateways

Interoperability SG = interconnection of different power generators, distribution networks, and consumers Connect them regardless of physical medium, manufacturer, device types Likely that multiple comm. technologies coexist – Devices: Bluetooth, UWB – Home/local: Zigbee, WiFi – Meter-Utility: 3G/4G Standardization effort for interoperability

Security Stuxnet worm: targets only Siemens SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system Attacker can control demand response mechanism – interrupt power supply to a large area – control the operation of home devices Authentication, Key exchange, Integrity, Confidentiality, Non-repudiation, …

Privacy NIST: “major benefit of S.G. is also its Achilles’ heel from a privacy view point” Frequent and accurate metering data collection poses privacy threat to consumers – Identify living pattern, real-time activity information, product preference, behavior Demand profiling can reveal what appliances are being used at the moment

Demand Profiling

Possible solutions Anonymization Aggregation Homomorphism Obfuscation Negotiation Energy management

Conclusion Smart Grid & Electric Vehicle is a major drive for future energy paradigm Interdisciplinary research area Interoperability is a major challenge New research/engineering topics and more jobs …

QUESTIONS?