INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 What do you know about the industrial revolution?  Why is it so important?  What inventions can you think of that came out during the Industrial Revolution? WARM UP

 What does Industrial Revolution mean?  Revolution (change)  Agricultural Revolution  Enclosure movement: 1800’s Great Britain's population grew, and the demand and raised prices for agricultural products grew.  Jethro Tull: landowner, invented a seed drill that made it possible to plant seeds in straight rows,  Made a horse-drawn hoe to dig up weeds between the rows and break up soil before planting. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Charles “ Turnip” Townshend copied a Dutch practice: planting different crops in the fields each year had the same result.  Planted wheat and barley one year and root crops such as turnips the next.  Called crop rotation: helped farmers to produce more crops using the same amount of land. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Improvements increased production and made farm labor easier.  Iron plows replaced wooden ones.  Jethro Wood invented a plow with replaceable blade.  Many people couldn’t afford the new inventions to help with agriculture so many sold land and moved into the cities. Formed huge labor unions. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Enclosure Movement:  Several effects; large landowners added to their holdings.  Small plot owners forced to become tenant farmers or move into cities.  Using bronze, and iron tools helped with the development in improving technology  Role of women changed, in charge of family and agriculture. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Era of rapid industrial development: Industrial Revolution  Began in Great Britain  Land capital and labor (factors of production )  Land : all natural resources (coal and iron) rivers helped provide inland shipping routes.  Capital : money people who had grown rich during the 1700’s invested in new businesses.  Labor: industry, fueled by the growth in population, migrations into cities. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Why did the industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? Right factors of production  Textile industry  Mechanization: was the automatic machinery, silk-spinning machine that automatically performed in minutes operations ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 New Inventions  Richard Arkwright- invented a way to drive the machine by waterpower. (spinning mill)  Started the factory system  Supply increased, price of cotton cloth went down  Most cotton came from southern United States.  Cleaning seeds from the cotton was manual work  In 1793 American Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. (machine that could clean much more cotton in a day. ) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Southern U.S. became the cotton producing center in the world.  Cotton gin increased slavery (needed people to go out and pick the cotton from the fields)  Many new inventions in the textile industry grew because they had to meet growing demand. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Steam Engines, Iron and Steel  Many machines in Industrial Revolution were driven by waterpower.  James Watt; modern steam engine: powered engines for factories and transportation of goods.  Steam replaces water as major power source.  More machines means more steel is needed to make them  ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 British manufactures used new technology for other industries.  Shoes, clothing, ammunition and furniture.  Printing paper, papermaking, lumber and food processing. And making other machines.  London was one of the first cities to burn gas in street lamps. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Transportation  Stone topped roadways build around towns.  Canals were dug to link rivers for ships.  George Stephenson used steam locomotive.  Robert Fulton- first to build a profitable steamboat. Steamboats appeared on rivers and lakes all over the world. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 The communication Revolution  Italian scientist build the first battery ( Alessandro Volta)  American Samuel Morse: sent a electric current through a wire, causing a machine at the other end to click.  Invented the telegraph. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 List 3 inventions and who invented them?  What is happening around the world? WARM-UP

 Factory System  How machines affected Work  Steam powered machinery made work easier to do.  Person could perform a task or operate a machine in a few days. No more guilds  Women and children (operate machines as efficiently as men) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Factories determined workers wages.  Factory owners wanted to produce goods as cheaply as possible.  Cost of land or capital increased, the owners lowered wages.  Women and children got paid less wages then men.  Lives of Factory Workers  14 hour shifts, 6 days a week  1832 Parliament investigated working conditions for children ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Factory Act of 1833( allowed for factory inspection and enforcement of child labor laws.)  Workers lived in tenements ( shabby apartment)  Development of the middle class  Bankers, manufacturers, merchants, lawyers, doctors, engineers, professors  Time changed ( based upon economic standing rather than birth) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Capitalism  Europe and the United States  Growing spirit of individual enterprise  Capitalism: describes an economic system in which individuals or corporations rather than governments, control the factors of production.  Privately owned and operated. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Interchangeable parts: identical parts.  Assembly line  Mass production: large numbers of identical items  Interchangeable parts and assembly line are important for mass production.  Henry Ford: used a conveyor belt to carry automobile frames from one worker to the next.  Goods became more affordable because of the change in production methods. Improved standard of living. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Rise of Corporation:  Corporations- businesses formed groups allowing people to buy stock in their companies.  J.P Morgan-American Financier founded the United States Steel company.  Complete control of the production or sale of a single good or service, Monopoly  Owning, coal and iron mines, steel mills and factories, combinations (cartels) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Business Cycles  Industrial Revolution brought alternating periods of prosperity and decline known as the business cycle.  Depression- when business would decline, falling demand for goods.  Factories might close, people lost jobs.  Entire economy would sink. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 What role did the division of labor play in helping to increase production during the Industrial Revolution?  In what way did the use of the assembly line allow Henry Ford to reach a new level of mass production?  Be able to explain the steps in the business cycle. WARM-UP

 Adam Smith  Creation of wealth, nothing the importance of manufacturing as well as agriculture. Founder of classical economics.  Laws of economies  Two laws governed all business and economic activity.  Law of supply and demand (demanded on the amount of available goods and the demand for the goods) ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Second law was competition (reduce prices)  People should be free to engage in whatever business they chose.  Free enterprise:  Laissez –faire: let it be. Supported employers who wanted to buy labor as cheaply as possible. Didn’t want government to meddle in operations of business. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Some people said business could not be left alone entirely.  Humanitarians: people who work to improve the conditions of others. Reforms.  Utilitarianism: “ the greatest happiness of the greatest number.” ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Early reform laws:  Children couldn’t work long hours in the factory.  Couldn’t allow children under 9 work.  9-13 could only work no more than 12 hour days.  Working conditions still were not great.  People would protest this, strike.  Unions were formed to collect dues to help pay its members when they went on strikes. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Socialism  Means of production:  Political and economic system (socialism)  Socialism: governments own the means of production and operate them for the benefit of all people, rich or poor.  Due away of competition and profit motive. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 Karl Marx : believed that the entire capitalist system should be destroyed.  Friedrich Engels  Both published the, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO. In 1848  Wealth is created by labor  Many people believed that a violent revolution was required to get rid of capitalism. ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

 believed that this was probably the only way to establish governments that owned the means of production and controlled all economic planning.  s/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm s/1848/communist-manifesto/ch01.htm ORIGINS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION