2 nd Theme of Geography: Place PLACE = What you find at a particular location. BOTH Physical Characteristics & Human Characteristics CLIMATE

Factors of CLIMATE READ EACH SLIDE OUT LOUD. PAY ATTENTION, THINK AND WORK TOGETHER WITH YOUR PARTNER TO BE SURE YOU BOTH UNDERSTAND. THERE WILL BE A QUIZ ON THIS CLIMATE INFORMATION.

What is WEATHER? The current state of the atmosphere: wind, rain, snow, sunshine, heat, dryness...

What is CLIMATE? Average weather of a place over time.

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the your notes defining WEATHER and CLIMATE.

Notice how the temperatures vary across the World. Talk to your partner: How does latitude affect climate? Is there anything unusual that you see in the patterns on this map?

Latitude The further you travel away from the equator the cooler it gets. WHY is this?

Latitude The further you travel away from the equator the cooler it gets. WHY is this? EXPLAIN THIS TO YOUR PARTNER USING THE PICTURE PROVIDED HERE.

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the both sides of your factors of climate notes for LATITUDE.

What does this chart show you about climate? Explain to your partner. Why do you think this happens?

Elevation Air becomes thinner as you go higher up in altitude/elevation. Thinner air is less able to absorb or retain heat from the earth. Now, explain this to your partner in your own words.

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the both sides of your factors of climate notes for ELEVATION.

Why is it cooler on the coast but hotter in land in summer and warmer on the coast but cooler in land in winter? SUMMER EXAMPLE

2012 Snow Day Was this snow day worth it in Manitowoc? How about Kellnersville? Manitowoc Kellnersville Why was there less snow in Manitowoc? Why did it rain in Manitowoc but snow in Kellnersville? WINTER EXAMPLE

Nearness to Large Body of Water

Which city is located near a large body of water? How do you know? City A & B are both at the same latitude.

LAND heats up faster and cools down faster compared to WATER. WATER takes longer...LARGE water takes even longer… So... Small water boils quickly and cools down quickly. LARGE water takes longer to heat up and also longer to cool down.

SUMMER by Lake Michigan will be cooler than inland because the lake will retain coolness from winter months--land heats up faster. WINTER by Lake Michigan will be warmer than inland because the lake will retain heat from the summer months--land heats up faster. Now, explain to your partner WHY this happens.

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the both sides of your factors of climate notes for LARGE BODIES OF WATER.

Ocean Currents

How do ocean currents affect climate? Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate Ocean Currents

Air blows over either warm or cold ocean currents. Moist air enters land either heating or cooling the land. Some places seem like they should be warmer based on latitude, but cool ocean currents can make them cooler than they one would expect (and vise versa).

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the both sides of your factors of climate notes for OCEAN CURRENTS.

Prevailing Winds There are certain set patterns of winds called prevailing winds, which means the direction winds travel most of the time.

Prevailing Winds Wind affects the climate depending on where it has travelled over : OCEAN (maritime) or LAND (continental) Temperatures depend on where wind is coming from before it reaches an area: * Higher Latitudes (cooler air) * Lower Latitudes (warmer air) * Over Land First (drier air) * Over Water First (wetter air)

Wind affects the climate depending on where it has travelled over first : OCEAN (maritime) or LAND (continental) Temperatures depend on where wind is coming from before it reaches an area. EXPLAIN WHAT TYPE OF AIR (warm or cool) WOULD BE PRESENT IN EACH CONDITION BELOW: Higher Latitudes Lower Latitudes Over Land First Over Water First How might this principle affect the weather in California compared to Iowa? Now, explain this to your partner.

Prevailing Winds & LANDFORMS: How do Wind & Elevation affect Climate? First…imagine a news report on tv showing a map of a snow storm coming our way... THINK Where on the U.S. map would we look to see just how bad this storm is going to be? Which states weather would we watch to see what is coming our way? Would we look to the EAST or the WEST?

Prevailing Winds Our prevailing winds come primarily from the WEST. This means our weather generally comes from the west.

How do Wind & Elevation affect climate? Explain to your partner what you think this picture is showing you about climate.

Prevailing Winds Prevailing winds bring warm moist air on land. Mountains block heavy moisture (too heavy to lift over mountains). Rain and/or snow are dropped on WINDward side of mountain....leaving hot dry air to slide down the mountain on the LEEward side. STOP: retell this story to each other so you are sure you understand how this works!

Here’s what this looks like in real-life! ROCKY MOUNTAINS

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the both sides of your factors of climate notes for PREVAILING WINDS & LANDFORMS.

HUMAN CHOICES Affect Climate

How HUMAN CHOICES Affect Climate Pollution/ Greenhouse Gases trap heat from the sun, making the earth warmer than it normally should be. Talk to your partner about how this works and why this is a growing problem for our earth.

Correct or add anything that needs to be revised on the both sides of your factors of climate notes for HUMAN CHOICES.

Summary ● The Climate is the average weather over many years. ● Many areas around the world have similar climates ● Climates are affected by many factors including: latitude, elevation, distance from large bodies of water, ocean currents, prevailing winds, landforms and human choices.

REVIEW

1. What factor of climate makes it very cold in the Arctic? Why is it colder there? 2. Why are high mountains covered in snow and ice? (In other words, why is it colder as we go higher in elevation?) 3. Why are inland areas hotter than coastal areas in the summer? 4. Why is much of Europe warmer than much of Northeast United States? 5. Why is much of the Western United States desert or semi desert land? What factor or factors cause this? 6. How do humans affect climate? Give one example. DISCUSS WITH YOUR PARTNER and BE ABLE TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS in a specific manner, using examples and details:

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