SECTION1 The Counterculture What social changes were promoted by the counterculture? What social changes were promoted by the counterculture? How did music both reflect and contribute to the cultural changes of this era? How did music both reflect and contribute to the cultural changes of this era? What led to the decline of the counterculture movement? What led to the decline of the counterculture movement?

SECTION2 A Time of Change In the 1960s, many young people adopted values that ran counter to, or against, the mainstream culture. These young people were considered members of the counterculture. In the 1960s, many young people adopted values that ran counter to, or against, the mainstream culture. These young people were considered members of the counterculture. Members of the counterculture, also called hippies, valued youth, spontaneity, and individuality. Members of the counterculture, also called hippies, valued youth, spontaneity, and individuality. These people inherited the countercultural values of: These people inherited the countercultural values of: –the Beat generation –created their own communities –listened to psychedelic rock –embraced the sexual revolution and used drugs such as cannabis and LSD to explore alternative states of consciousness. Young Americans believed that society’s values were hollow and its priorities were misplaced. Young Americans believed that society’s values were hollow and its priorities were misplaced. They wanted to create an alternative culture based on peace and love. They wanted to create an alternative culture based on peace and love. “It [the counterculture] was an attempt to rebel against the values our parents had pushed on us. We were trying to get back to touching and relating and living.” “It [the counterculture] was an attempt to rebel against the values our parents had pushed on us. We were trying to get back to touching and relating and living.” -Lisa Law, Lisa Law, 1985

SECTION3 A Time of Change Personal appearance in the 1960s reflected counterculture views of rejecting restrictions and challenging authority. Personal appearance in the 1960s reflected counterculture views of rejecting restrictions and challenging authority. Long hair for both men and women and colorful, loose-fitting clothing were popular. Long hair for both men and women and colorful, loose-fitting clothing were popular. –A strong shift from the times of the 50’s of short hair and the man in the grey flannel suit. –Much more relaxed style, full of color and simplicity. Art in the 1960s reflected counterculture ideas. Artists such as Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein produced revolutionary works. Art in the 1960s reflected counterculture ideas. Artists such as Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein produced revolutionary works. –Featured depictions of the artifacts of modern life (Pop Art), very heavily criticized. –Op Art, spirit of the 60’s of fluorescent colors and optical illusions. " When you think about it, department stores are kind of like museums." Andy Warhol " When you think about it, department stores are kind of like museums." Andy Warhol One of the most popular pieces of art today, Campbell’s Soup Cans defines the generation it was produced in. The reproduction of the can says something about society at the time: uniformity is good. At the time society looked to advertising to tell them what to do, wear, and buy. This piece poked fun at the idea by doing exactly the same thing. One of the most popular pieces of art today, Campbell’s Soup Cans defines the generation it was produced in. The reproduction of the can says something about society at the time: uniformity is good. At the time society looked to advertising to tell them what to do, wear, and buy. This piece poked fun at the idea by doing exactly the same thing.

SECTION4 Where did the counterculture come from? The number of teens and young adults in the United States rose dramatically in the 1960s. (Baby Boomers) –Youths in the 1960s formed the largest generation in American history. As a result, they had an enormous impact on American society. These young people were living in turbulent times: threat of nuclear war, racial discrimination and segregation, the Vietnam War, and environmental pollution.

SECTION5 The Center of the Hippy World That hotbed of the radical, offbeat and subversive - the City of San Francisco. That hotbed of the radical, offbeat and subversive - the City of San Francisco. San Francisco, California was were thousands of young people flocking to the Haight-Ashbury district. San Francisco, California was were thousands of young people flocking to the Haight-Ashbury district. –The Summer of Love, 1967 was the peak of the Haight Ashbury experience. Over 100,000 youth came to the Haight. –Hoards of reporters, movie makers, FBI agents, undercover police, drug addicts, and about 100,000 more tourists to watch them all followed in their wake. The counterculture lifestyle integrated many of the ideals and indulgences of the time: peace, love, harmony, music, mysticism, and religions outside the Judeo- Christian tradition. The counterculture lifestyle integrated many of the ideals and indulgences of the time: peace, love, harmony, music, mysticism, and religions outside the Judeo- Christian tradition. Meditation, yoga, and psychedelic drugs were embraced as routes to expanding one's consciousness. Meditation, yoga, and psychedelic drugs were embraced as routes to expanding one's consciousness.

SECTION6 The Sexual Revolution Sexual conduct was one area in which youth sought freedom to make personal choices. Sexual conduct was one area in which youth sought freedom to make personal choices. Many youths experimented with new living patterns, including communal living and living as unmarried couples. Many youths experimented with new living patterns, including communal living and living as unmarried couples. –Hog Farm The emergence of new views on sexual conduct was labeled “the sexual revolution.” The emergence of new views on sexual conduct was labeled “the sexual revolution.” The sexual revolution led to more open discussion of sexual subjects in the mainstream media. The sexual revolution led to more open discussion of sexual subjects in the mainstream media.

SECTION7 The Drug Scene Many members of the 1960’s counterculture turned to drugs. Many members of the 1960’s counterculture turned to drugs. The use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, became widespread among youth during the 1960s. The use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, became widespread among youth during the 1960s. LSD was a legal drug in the U.S. until 1965 until it was labeled a Schedule 1 drug by the U.S. government. LSD was a legal drug in the U.S. until 1965 until it was labeled a Schedule 1 drug by the U.S. government. Proponents of psychedelic drugs, including Harvard researcher Timothy Leary, claimed that drugs could help free the mind and could alter behavior in dramatic and beneficial ways. Proponents of psychedelic drugs, including Harvard researcher Timothy Leary, claimed that drugs could help free the mind and could alter behavior in dramatic and beneficial ways. –“tune in, turn on and drop out", Drug use presented serious dangers. Some drug users, including several leading musicians, died of complications from drug overdoses. (Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison and Jimi Hendrix Drug use presented serious dangers. Some drug users, including several leading musicians, died of complications from drug overdoses. (Janis Joplin, Jim Morrison and Jimi Hendrix

SECTION8 The Government and LSD LSD was the original centerpiece of the United States Central Intelligence Agency's from the 1950s through the 1970s designed to explore the possibilities of pharmaceutical mind control. LSD was the original centerpiece of the United States Central Intelligence Agency's from the 1950s through the 1970s designed to explore the possibilities of pharmaceutical mind control. Hundreds of participants, including CIA agents, government employees, military personnel, prostitutes, members of the general public, and mental patients were given LSD, many without their knowledge or consent. Hundreds of participants, including CIA agents, government employees, military personnel, prostitutes, members of the general public, and mental patients were given LSD, many without their knowledge or consent. The experiments often involved severe psychological torture, and many victims committed suicide or wound up in psychiatric wards. The experiments often involved severe psychological torture, and many victims committed suicide or wound up in psychiatric wards. The researchers eventually concluded that LSD's effects were too varied and uncontrollable to make it of any practical use as a truth drug, and the project moved on to other substances. The researchers eventually concluded that LSD's effects were too varied and uncontrollable to make it of any practical use as a truth drug, and the project moved on to other substances. LSD as a Weapon LSD as a Weapon The program, which ran at the Army's Edgewood, Md., arsenal from 1955 until about 1972, concluded that counterculture staples such as acid and pot were either too unpredictable or too mellow to be useful as weapons, psychiatrist James Ketchum said in an interview. The program, which ran at the Army's Edgewood, Md., arsenal from 1955 until about 1972, concluded that counterculture staples such as acid and pot were either too unpredictable or too mellow to be useful as weapons, psychiatrist James Ketchum said in an interview. The program did yield one hallucinogenic weapon: softball-size artillery rounds that were filled with powdered quinuclidinyl benzilate or BZ, a deliriant of the belladonnoid family that had placed some research subjects in a sleeplike state and left them impaired for days. The program did yield one hallucinogenic weapon: softball-size artillery rounds that were filled with powdered quinuclidinyl benzilate or BZ, a deliriant of the belladonnoid family that had placed some research subjects in a sleeplike state and left them impaired for days.

SECTION9 The Music World Music both reflected and contributed to the cultural changes of the 1960s. Music both reflected and contributed to the cultural changes of the 1960s. A new interest in folk music emerged among counterculture youth. A new interest in folk music emerged among counterculture youth. Protest songs and songs that depicted the lives of ordinary people became popular. (Bob Dylan, Joan Baez) Protest songs and songs that depicted the lives of ordinary people became popular. (Bob Dylan, Joan Baez) In 1964, a revolution in rock music that some called the British Invasion began. In 1964, a revolution in rock music that some called the British Invasion began. Two British rock groups, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, gained enormous popularity among American teenagers. Two British rock groups, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones, gained enormous popularity among American teenagers.

SECTION10 Rock Festivals in the 1960s Woodstock Seen as a way to both embrace an alternative lifestyle and protest against war and oppression, hippies organized outdoor music festivals across the United States. Seen as a way to both embrace an alternative lifestyle and protest against war and oppression, hippies organized outdoor music festivals across the United States. In August 1969, hundreds of thousands of people attended the Woodstock Music and Art Fair, a several-day gathering in a large pasture in Bethel, New York. In August 1969, hundreds of thousands of people attended the Woodstock Music and Art Fair, a several-day gathering in a large pasture in Bethel, New York. The Woodstock festival became best known for the fellowship that many experienced there. The Woodstock festival became best known for the fellowship that many experienced there. Police avoided confrontations at Woodstock by choosing not to enforce drug laws. Police avoided confrontations at Woodstock by choosing not to enforce drug laws. The festival remained peaceful and under control despite the large crowds. The festival remained peaceful and under control despite the large crowds.

SECTION11 Woodstock 1969 Originally hoping for attendance of 50,000, the promoters of the event, who chose a thousand-acre farm in upstate New York as the site for "The Woodstock Music and Art Fair: An Aquarian Exposition," seemed as shocked as everyone else when over 500,000 arrived for the three-day affair. Originally hoping for attendance of 50,000, the promoters of the event, who chose a thousand-acre farm in upstate New York as the site for "The Woodstock Music and Art Fair: An Aquarian Exposition," seemed as shocked as everyone else when over 500,000 arrived for the three-day affair. Unprepared for such a large crowd, massive traffic jams ensued, food and water quickly disappeared, and bathroom facilities were scarce. Unprepared for such a large crowd, massive traffic jams ensued, food and water quickly disappeared, and bathroom facilities were scarce.

SECTION12 Woodstock 1969 Despite the potential for violence and disaster, the festival advertised as "Three Days of Peace and Music" lived up to its billing. Despite the potential for violence and disaster, the festival advertised as "Three Days of Peace and Music" lived up to its billing. Listening to popular musicians of the day such as Jimi Hendrix, Joan Baez, and Janis Joplin, concertgoers seemed to bond because of the harsh conditions and a common desire to promote peace and love. Listening to popular musicians of the day such as Jimi Hendrix, Joan Baez, and Janis Joplin, concertgoers seemed to bond because of the harsh conditions and a common desire to promote peace and love. All in all, Woodstock remains a lasting icon of the cultural movement of the 1960s that looked to change the world through its acceptance of values and beliefs that contradicted the established power structure of the United States. All in all, Woodstock remains a lasting icon of the cultural movement of the 1960s that looked to change the world through its acceptance of values and beliefs that contradicted the established power structure of the United States.

SECTION13 Altamont Altamont Another rock festival, held at the Altamont Speedway in California in December 1969, provided a contrast to the peaceful gathering at Woodstock. Another rock festival, held at the Altamont Speedway in California in December 1969, provided a contrast to the peaceful gathering at Woodstock. Members of Hell’s Angels, an infamous motorcycle gang hired to provide security for 300,000, beat a man to death when he approached the stage with a gun. Members of Hell’s Angels, an infamous motorcycle gang hired to provide security for 300,000, beat a man to death when he approached the stage with a gun.

SECTION14 Reactions to the Counterculture Many adults deplored the drugs, sex, and nudity that they saw at the Woodstock festival and around the country. Many adults deplored the drugs, sex, and nudity that they saw at the Woodstock festival and around the country. These adults viewed the counterculture as a childish reaction to the problems of the era. These adults viewed the counterculture as a childish reaction to the problems of the era. They disliked the rejection of traditional morals and values which counterculture youth adopted. They disliked the rejection of traditional morals and values which counterculture youth adopted. Led to election of Richard Nixon in Led to election of Richard Nixon in 1968.

SECTION15 Weakening and Legacy of the Counterculture The counterculture was weakened by violent incidents: The counterculture was weakened by violent incidents: –Altamont, Manson Family Murders (Sharon Tate and 4 Others) The effects of drug use: The effects of drug use: –Death of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix and Jim Morrison The dependency on mainstream America. The dependency on mainstream America. Many simply grew up, moderated their lives and views and adopted the more mainstream culture. Many simply grew up, moderated their lives and views and adopted the more mainstream culture. Leaves a legacy of more relaxed attitudes towards sex, marriage, behavior and relationships. Leaves a legacy of more relaxed attitudes towards sex, marriage, behavior and relationships.