Parenting and Child Development Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development of Infants Essential Question: In what ways does a baby develop emotionally and socially during the first year of life? Describe factors that influence the baby’s social and emotional growth and development.

Section 8-1: Understanding Emotional Development of Infants Essential Question: How do the different facets of an infant’s emotions affect emotional development?

Comparing Emotional and Social Development Social DevelopmentEmotional Development What influences this development? Learning how to recognize and express feelings Learning self- expression and how to interact with others Bond between parent and child Temperament of child Atmosphere of home

Emotions in Infancy MONTHS Emotions:  Are inborn  Become more specific with age  Develop over time  Develop through interaction with others INTEREST – watches mother/parents SADNESS/DISCOMFORT –shown by crying JOY – smiling, responding – depends on interaction DISGUST – doesn’t like something ANGER –strong feeling

and Attachments are formed by: ATTACHMENT Attachment is not fully formed until about: Building Bonds of Attachment A bond between the child and the parent or caregiver Physical Contact Trust Interaction Communication Age 2

What did Harlow discover about attachment? What did Erikson say about trust? Building Bonds of Attachment Monkey babies needed physical closeness Babies learn to trust/mistrust their world during the first year Based on parent interaction

Lack of Contact Failure to Thrive What causes it?What is it? A condition where babies do not grow and develop properly Infants left alone most of the time do not develop meaningful relationships with others

Building Trust Through Care The attitude newborns develop about their world depends on how their needs are met. Needs met + bonding contact with adults = Security. Rigid schedule + no comfort for crying = Insecurity Caregivers should strive for consistency in schedule and care.

Understanding Temperament TEMPERAMENT What is it?What will it determine? It is revealed in: A person’s unique nature How children react to a situation It determines how you will react to new situations

Researchers have identified 9 different temperament traits: Intensity – powerful responses Persistence - determined Sensitivity – display of feelings Perceptiveness – awareness of things around you Adaptability – ease of change Regularity – do you have a schedule? Energy – high or low First reaction – how do you handle something new Mood – positive or negative

Parents and caregivers have their own temperaments. Problems arise when adult temperament conflicts with that of the child. Understanding these differences can help prevent clashes.

Crying Crying and Comforting Baby cries a lot Colicky or Fussy Baby doesn’t cry Easy

A young baby who is crying needs attention and care. Check for physical problem. Hungry? Wet? Cold? Is baby sick? Cuddle – Hold baby, rock, walk, rub back or pat gently Move baby to a new position Talk softly or sing If awake, offer toy or distraction

COLIC What is it? Characteristics: Reflux What is it? Characteristics: Thumb Sucking and Pacifiers Colic Baby cries for no apparent reason. Cannot be comforted. Happens 6pm – midnight Usually worst at 6 weeks Cries constantly for hours Partially digested food goes back up into the throat Crying – constantly – all day Almost all babies suck thumb or fingers Sucking in comforting Most babies stop on their own at 6 – 8 months Pacifiers are OK within reason. Keep it clean!

Emotional Climate of the Home Babies are influenced by adults’ feelings. Babies adapt. Affection and caring are essential. Worried/angry caregivers = tense handling = irritable, fussy baby Calm/happy caregivers = relaxed handling = content baby

Section 8-2: Understanding Social Development of Infants Essential Question: What influences a baby’s social development?

Social Milestones – SpeechSocial Milestones – Interaction 1 month 2 -3 months 4 – 6 months 7 – 8 months 9 – 10 months 11 – 12 months Signs of Social Development Coos and babbles Crying – different sounds for different needs Laugh, squeal, babble Tries to imitate sounds Say simply words Words refer to specific people. Uses gestures and body language. Cries & responds to caregiver’s attention Smiles, eye contact, wants companionship Can identify family members, turn towards familiar voices, cry when alone. Enjoys watching other children; has stranger anxiety Responds to “no” and their name; Enjoy playing sound games Shows likes & dislikes

Stranger Anxiety is: When?What to do? Fear of unfamiliar people. Usually expressed by crying 7 – 8 months Give baby time to adjust Stick to routine

How Behavior is Learned Learn behavior by interaction with others Messages from caregivers are important Positive responses from adults = better behavior

Social Development Through Play Facts about Play: Babies learn through play Play strengthens all areas of development Play helps children learn to interact with others

A good play environment is: Good toys for infants are: A Play Environment for Infants Safe Comfortable Interesting Safe, appropriate toys Colorful Able to move around Able to make noise Age appropriate, sturdy, clean

ExplorationPlay The Difference Between Exploration and Play Exploring is when they learn new things “What happens if?” Cause & effect Babies use play to explore Toys provide a means to explore

Cause and Effect means: Examples: One event (effect) is caused by another Dropping a toy Crying when hungry Stacking and knocking down blocks

The end.