1 Mobile Sources Work Group Final Report - PM 2.5 SIP Brian Newbacher Dir. of Public Affairs, AAA Chair, Mobile Sources Work Group June 12, 2007 NOACA Air Quality Public Advisory Task Force

2 Scope of Work Sources other than stationary, including: – On-road motor vehicles (cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles) – Non-road motor vehicles (construction equipment, airport ground support equipment) – Trains, ships, airplanes – Fuels – conventional and alternative – Transportation projects

3 The Six R’s of Diesel Cleanup – Reprise Retrofit existing vehicles with pollution controls Refuel with cleaner fuels Replace older vehicles with clean technology vehicles Reduce idling Repair/Rebuild using engine maintenance and/or rebuilding Repower by replacing older engines with newer engines

4 Diesel On-Road Vehicles Diesel On-Road Emission Reduction Strategies – Mandatory Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) for government vehicles, phased in over 2 years. Recommendation – Yes, if funding supplied. – Voluntary Emissions Reduction Programs – Grant/Loan Program and Educational Campaign Recommendation – Yes.

5 Diesel Non-Road Vehicles Diesel Non-Road Emission Reduction Strategies – Combining Private Financing with Government Grants – Low Interest Bridge Financing – Emissions Performance Specifications in Contracts for Public Works Projects – Technical Assistance to Construction Equipment Owners – Provide Information on Grant Programs – Accelerated Use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel and/or Biodiesel Recommendation – Yes.

6 Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Timeline Required USEPA Standards for Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel (parts per million (ppm) sulfur) (3,000 ppm sulfur represents conventional diesel) (“Ultra-Low” refers to 15 ppm) Category Highway15 Nonroad3, Marine/ Rail 3,

7 Idling – On-Road and Non-Road Reduce Idling from Public Fleets – Mandatory Statewide School Bus Idling Regulation – Idling Reduction Regulations for Transit and Other Public Fleets – Loan Program to Reduce Idling – Anti-Idling Devices on All New Fleet Purchases by Ohio Dept of Administrative Services Recommendation – Yes.

8 Idling, continued Reduce Idling from Private Fleets – Voluntary Idling Program with Educational Outreach – Mandatory Contract Requirements for “Clean Diesel” Equipment/Fuel on Public Projects Using Private Fleets (projects > $ 2 million) – Revolving Loan or Lease-to-Own Program for Anti-Idling Equipment – Voluntary Idling Reductions from Switchyard and Line-Haul Locomotives Recommendation – Yes.

9 Truck Stop Electrification - Reprise Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) Emission Reduction Strategies – Identify Key Sites for Truck Stop Electrification (TSE) – Financing Program for TSE – Ohio EPA Should Collaborate with the Office of Energy Efficiency – Require New Truck Stops to Include TSE Infrastructure Recommendation – Yes, as in Ozone SIP recommendations.

10 Alternative Fuels and Vehicles Alternative Fuels and Electric Vehicles - Emission Reduction Strategies – Increased Use of Ethanol (E85) Biodiesel Natural Gas Propane Electric Vehicles Recommendation – Yes, as voluntary alternatives for various purposes.

11 Roadside Diesel Truck Opacity Testing Statewide Roadside Diesel Opacity Testing – Public and Private Fleets Recommendation – Yes, if: – Implemented by Ohio EPA Staff – Ticketing only for a second violation – Covering all trucks and buses, public and private

12 Transportation Projects Transportation Projects – Conformity – Request a Transportation Conformity Analysis of the Cleveland Innerbelt Project to see whether non-road diesel emissions, traffic congestion emissions during construction, and construction dust will cause the SIP emissions budget to be exceeded. Recommendation – Yes. Transportation Projects – Diesel Controls – Implement previous recommendations regarding using “clean diesel” non-road construction equipment on public works projects > $ 2 million. Recommendation – Yes.

13 Fuel Testing / Auto Testing Fuel Testing – Statewide Testing of Gasoline and Diesel Specifications at the Pumps Recommendation – Yes. Statewide Car Standards – Adopt a Safety/Anti-Tampering Inspection Program Statewide Recommendation – Yes.

14 Marine Ports / Airports Ports – Truck Traffic Anti-Idling Policy at the Port of Cleveland/Cuyahoga County Recommendation – Yes, as in Ozone SIP recommendations. Airports – Ground Support Equipment (GSE) Replacement with Electric, CNG, or Other Clean Technology Recommendation – Yes, as in Ozone SIP recommendations.

15 E-Check The Work Group does not recommend: I/M Emission Reduction Strategies – Adopting the ASM 2525 Final Standards - Increasing Stringency for Older Vehicles – Including Ashtabula County in the E-Check Program Analysis: Too little air quality benefit per dollar spent.

16 “Show Me The Money” Funding The Work Group found that funding for solutions would continue to present an issue. Possibilities: – Grants from USEPA’s Mid-West Clean Diesel Initiative and SmartWay Program – Grants from state programs such as the Ohio EPA School Bus Retrofit Program – Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) allocations – Federal Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) – Ticket revenue from Roadside Diesel Opacity Testing – Supplemental Environmental Projects (SEPs) (environmental fines) through USEPA and Ohio EPA – Creation of federal and state tax credits for retrofits

17 Conclusions Diesel on-road and non-road vehicles are significant contributors to the PM 2.5 nonattainment problem. Gasoline on-road and non-road vehicles also contribute and were addressed by Ozone SIP Recommendations. Many sectors are eager to retrofit / repower / refuel if incentives are provided.

18 Questions? Brian Newbacher, Director of Public Affairs, American Automobile Association – Amy Wainright, NOACA – Pamela Davis, NOACA –