BASIC NATURE OF MATTER MRS. J THOMPSON GAINESVILLE MIDDLE SCHOOL 8TH

What has roots as nobody sees, Is taller than trees, Up, up it goes, And yet never grows? Voiceless it cries, Wingless flutters, Toothless bites, Mouthless mutters. Can be tasted or not tasted, Can be seen or not seen, Can be changed, can be wasted, Of every color-from black to green.

WHAT IS MATTER Matter is defined as anything that has volume (takes up space) and has mass.

WHAT IS NOT MATTER What is not matter? Light, color and heat take up no space and have no mass. Energy! Things like emotions, thoughts and ideas also are not matter.

Particle Theory of Matter All matter is made up of small particles called atoms. These atoms contain energy. This energy makes particles vibrate Matter is held together by fundamental forces.

We observe Matter using 1 or more of our Five senses.

Two kinds of Observations QUALITATIVE  Observations that describe qualities such as color, texture, taste, size, smell etc.  The book is brown.  The worm is pink and has glasses.

Two kinds of Observations QUANTITATIVE  Observations that can be expressed as a number. Something that you measure  I see 2 birds the book was 6 cm long.

Matter has Physical Properties We can observe these properties with our senses without changing the matter. Often different elements and compounds can be identified using their physical properties.

Physical Properties Mass SizeThermal Conductivity Shape Buouancy ColorMalleability OdorDensity SolubilityState of Matter Volume

1. Mass Defined as the amount of matter in an object.

Measuring Mass The metric unit for mass is the Gram. Abbreviated: g We use a BALANCE to measure mass

Mass and Weight are NOT the same! Mass remains the same throughout the universe. Weight is really a measure of how hard gravity is pulling down on an object and it changes as gravity changes!

Physical properties you should know already! 2. Size 3. Shape 4. Color 5. Odor: Smell

6. SOLUBILITY This property of matter describes how easily a particular kind of matter will dissolve into another kind of matter. Flash back! Solvent: The substance with the greatest amount that does the dissolving. Solute: the substance being dissolved and is also the substance in the smallest amount.

SOLUBILITY The solubility of a substance can be affected by: Temperature Pressure

7. Thermal Conductivity This property refers to how well matter conducts heat. Wood has low conductivity Metals have high conductivity

Thermal conductivity of different metals.

8. BOUYANCY Will the specific matter “float” in another piece of matter?

9. Malleability This property refers to how well matter can be shaped into other forms. Many metals are malleable and can be easily shaped. Brittle: Many other substances cannot be shaped and break when we try to form them.

DENSITY The formal definition of density: Mass per unit volume.

DENSITY To calculate density you must know 2 things: The mass of your piece of matter The volume of your piece of matter Density = mass(g) / volume (ml or cm3)

Measuring Volume Liquid volume: Liter Common Unit: mL Instrument: Graduated cylinder Solid volume: cm3 Instrument: metric ruler Irregular objects: Use displacement method

States of Matter 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas 4. Plasma Matter changes state when energy is either added or taken away.

VERY IMPORTANT State of Matter is a PHYSICAL PROPERTY!!!! Why?

REMEMBER Because States of Matter is a Physical Property, things like a substances Boiling point or Freezing point are Physical Properties as well! Water boils at 100 C This is a physical property because it is still water.

SOLID Atoms are close together Movement is minimal Set shape and volume Least amount of energy

LIQUID Atoms are farther apart because they have more energy. Atoms are still attached but have more movement. They slide around A liquid has a set volume but not a set shape.

GAS Atoms are much further apart. Gases have a lot of energy Gases do not have definite Volume or shape

PLASMA If we continue to add heat to a gas, eventually the energy is great enough to make the electrons come off the atom. An IONIZED gas The sun is mostly in the Plasma state and on earth the air around lightning gets hot enough to become plasma. Also found in a neon sign.

Chemical Properties Chemical properties relate to how matter interacts with other matter. Sometimes chemical properties can be observed, but often we need to let the matter react to observe the properties. This reaction may destroy or change the matter.

Chemical Properties A.Flammability/ Combustibility The ability to burn

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES B.Acid or Base? pH

Chemical Properties C. Reactivity: How stable is the atom or atoms that make up a substance?

ALL THE SAME 1.Matter made up of just one (1) kind of atoms is called an ELEMENT. 2. Listed on the periodic table. 3. Defined by the Number of Protons in the nucleus. 4. An element cannot be broken down into smaller pieces and still be the same.

NOT ALL THE SAME 1.When two or more atoms of different elements are CHEMICALLY combined, they form COMPOUNDS. 2. These compounds have different chemical and physical properties from the elements that make them up. 3. All molecules of a compound will have the same number and kind of elements. 4. Compounds are chemically combined and difficult to break apart except through other chemical reactions.

COMPOUND EXAMPLES Water: 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen Ammonia: 1 Nitrogen and 3 Hydrogen Carbon Dioxide: 1 Carbon and 2 Oxygen

TOSSED SALAD 1. MIXTURES are composed of 2 or more substances that are combined PHYSICALLY, not chemically. 2. You can separate many mixtures quite easily.