DNA and RNA Structure Biochemistry Connection: How is structure related to function?

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Presentation transcript:

DNA and RNA Structure Biochemistry Connection: How is structure related to function?

Nucleic acids: What do you need to know? Describe the structure of a nucleic acid. –Monomer? Polymer? –3 parts of a nucleotide –Different ring structure of purine vs. pyrimidine –Difference between pentose sugar in DNA and RNA sugar –How are nucleotides bonded What makes up the backbone? What is the 5’ end compared to the 3’ end?

What do we already know about DNA and RNA? Both DNA RNA

What is the structure of a nucleic acid?

Number the carbons in each pentose sugar (1- 5). Circle the nitrogenous bases –Label purines –Label pyrimidines Star the phosphates

Describe the structure of the double helix. 5’ 3’

Structure of DNA double helix Sugar-phosphate backbone The sugar and phosphate groups are covalently bonded. Directionality 2 strands are antiparallel. 2 strands held together by hydrogen bonds 2 strands are complementary

Which structural feature is responsible for the function of DNA, which is transmitting genetic information that can be passed on to offspring? In other words, which feature makes it possible to generate 2 identical copies of each DNA molecule in a cell that is preparing to divide and reproduce?

Write the complimentary sequence. Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends. 5’-T A G G C C T -3’

The monomer unit of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. 3 parts to a nucleotide How is RNA different from DNA?

What are the main differences in structure between DNA and RNA?

RNA or DNA?

RNA exist as single strands but base pairing can still occur. Which base pairs are complementary in RNA? Does base pairing still occur between antiparallel strands of RNA?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during the synthesis of a polypeptide. The functional shape of tRNA results from base pairing between nucleotides where complementary stretches of nucleotides can run antiparallel to eachother.

There are three classes of RNA molecules messenger RNA (mRNA) –acts as a template for protein synthesis –has the same sequence of bases (read from the 5' to the 3' end) as the DNA strand that has the gene sequence (more to come later) transfer RNA (tRNA) –Involved in protein synthesis –It transfers the appropriate amino acids to the site of protein synthesis (more to come later) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) –makes up an integral part of the ribosome, the protein synthesis machinery in the cell.

What are 3 main differences in structure between RNA and DNA?