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Nucleic acids: Information Molecules

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Presentation on theme: "Nucleic acids: Information Molecules"— Presentation transcript:

1 Nucleic acids: Information Molecules
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus

2 Nucleic Acids Function: genetic material made of nucleotide sequences
stores information blueprint for building proteins transfers information blueprint for new cells reproduction DNA proteins RNA

3 Nucleic Acids Structure
Monomer = nucleotide nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide 5 different nucleotides different nitrogen bases A, T, C, G, U Nitrogen bases I’m the A,T,C,G or U part! phosphate sugar N base

4 Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer DNA
phosphate sugar N base Nucleotide chains Nucleic acids nucleotides chained into a polymer DNA double-sided double helix A, C, G, T RNA single-sided A, C, G, U phosphate sugar N base strong bonds phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base RNA

5 NUCLEIC ACIDS: DNA & RNA
Examples DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Found in the nucleus of the cell Double sided = double helix structure stores information Directs RNA synthesis (transcription) Directs protein synthesis (translation)

6 Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
Function of DNA 1 2 3 Synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus Movement of mRNA into cytoplasm via nuclear pore Synthesis of protein NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM DNA mRNA Ribosome Amino acids Polypeptide Figure 5.25

7 DNA Double strand of polynucleotides twisted into a double helix
weak bonds between nitrogen bases join the 2 strands A pairs with T A :: T C pairs with G C :: G the two strands can separate when our cells need to make copies of it weak bonds It’s a helix or B sheet within a single region. Can have both in one protein but a specific region is one or another

8 DNA Structure **** http://www.dnatube.com/video/3447/DNA-double-helix
phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base **** phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base phosphate sugar N base

9 Nucleotide Polymers Are made up of nucleotides linked by the–OH group on the 3´ carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5´ carbon on the next

10 The DNA double helix Consists of two antiparallel nucleotide strands
3’ end Sugar-phosphate backbone Base pair (joined by hydrogen bonding) Old strands Nucleotide about to be added to a new strand A 5’ end New strands Figure 5.27

11 NUCLEIC ACIDS RNA Ribonucleic Acid
Found in the nucleus, ribosomes, and mitochondria Single sided Contains nitrogenous base U instead of T Transfers information Blueprint for protein synthesis RNA

12 A T C G

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