Vocabulary 6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater1 CaveSinkholeKarst Topography StalactiteStalagmiteTravertine SpringHot SpringGeyser DrawdownRechargeArtesian Well Well

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater2 Warm Up Where do you think this photo was taken? How do you think the icicle- like structures formed?

Chapter 10 Section 2: Groundwater Erosion and Deposition Section 3: Groundwater Systems

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater4 Acids Solutions that contain an excess of hydrogen ions Groundwater contains acids –Carbonic acid most common Carbon dioxide dissolves in water, then combines with the water molecule –Dissolves carbonate rocks Especially limestone

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater5 Caves A natural underground opening with a connection to Earth’s surface Some extend for many kilometers Some are dry, some filled with water Form when groundwater dissolves limestone Develop in zone of saturation

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater6 Karst Topography Irregular topography with sinkholes, sinks and sinking streams caused by groundwater dissolution of limestone –Sinkhole- depression in ground caused by collapse of cave or dissolution of bedrock –Sinking stream-stream drains into cave, leaving dry valley above Can reemerge as a karst spring We live in a karst region

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater7 Groundwater Deposits Hard water –Water that has high concentrations of calcium, magnesium or iron –Common in karst regions –Can cause blockages of pipes Controlled with water softeners

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater8 Natural Deposits Found in caves above water table Built as water drips down through caves Form cone-shaped structures –Stalactites hang down –Stalagmites point up –May grow into each other and form columns Composed of a limestone called travertine

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater9 Science & the Environment: The High Plains Aquifer pg 260

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater10 Mapping GeoLab: Mapping Pollution pgs

6/11/2016Chapter 10:Goundwater11 Section Assessment 1.What acid is most commonly present in groundwater? 2.How do caves form? 3.Compare the formation of stalactites and stalagmites. 4.What is karst topography? 5.If you visited a region that consisted mostly of igneous rocks, would you expect to find karst topography? Explain. 6.Use the following terms to construct a concept map to organize the major ideas in this section: calciumcarbonatecavescloggedCroatia hardkarstsinkholesstalactitesstalagmites topographywaterwater pipes

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater12 Warm Up What is this feature called? What do you think causes water to behave this way?

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater13 Springs Natural discharges of groundwater Occurs where an aquifer and an aquiclude come into contact –Aquiclude- layers that block movement of groundwater Made up of clay or shale

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater14 Hot Springs Normally springs discharge water that is the same as the annual average of the region that it is in Some springs discharge water that is warmer –Called warm springs or hot springs depending on temperature –Hot springs are hotter than the human body Result from heat of recent igneous activity or from aquifers that extend deep into Earth’s crust

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater15 Geysers Explosive hot springs that erupt at regular intervals Located in volcanic regions Example: –Old Faithful erupts every hour

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater16 Wells Holes dug or drilled to reach groundwater Must tap into an aquifer If too many wells draw on same aquifer, water table will go down and wells may go dry Precipitation and runoff put water back –Recharge

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater17 Artesian Wells Water under pressure More reliable Less easily polluted Found in deeper, confined aquifers –Sandwiched between aquacludes

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6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater19 Earth’s most precious natural resource Overuse –Pumped out faster than can recharge Subsidence –Sinking of land above an aquifer due to overuse Pollution –Sewage, industrial wastes, landfills and agricultural chemicals Threats to Water Supply

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6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater21 GeoDigest Surface Processes of Earth pgs

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater22 Section Assessment 1.How are springs related to the water table? 2.What is the basic characteristic of an artesian well? 3.Artesian aquifers contain water that is under pressure. Explain why. 4.What can you do to conserve and protect groundwater so that there will be safe and abundant water supplies in the future? 5.Compare and contrast different uses of water in the United States.

6/11/2016Chapter10: Groundwater23 Homework Section Assessment 10.2, pg 248 Section Assessment 10.3, pg 257 Chapter 10 Assessment, pgs Test Practice, pg 263 Unit 3 Study Guide