HUMAN REPRODUCTION AND SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES PART #1 ANATOMY & BIRTH LOARA HIGH SCHOOL HEALTH CREATED BY: ALLISON BOTTOM 1/03

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

FEMALE ANATOMY FALLOPIAN TUBES UTERUS -where baby grows UTERINE LINING OVARY FIMBRIA CERVIX

ANOTHER VIEW CERVIX VAGINA OVUM

FEMALE EXTERNAL VIEW FIND: –PUBIC HAIR –INNER LABIA –URETHRA –CLITORIS –OUTER LABIA –HYMEN –VAGINA –ANUS –PARINEUM

FEMALE REPRODUCTION PRACTICE WS

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Tips for a healthy female reproductive system Bathe regularly. Change tampons or sanitary pads every few hours. Practice abstinence from sexual activity.

Problems of the female reproductive system Sometimes occur at the beginning of a menstrual period. Light exercise or applying a heating pad to the abdominal area may help relieve symptoms. A health care professional may recommend medication for pain relief. Severe or persistent cramping, called dysmenorrhea, may be an indication that professional health services are required. Menstrual Cramps

Problems of the female reproductive system Caused by hormonal changes. Its symptoms, which may be experienced one to two weeks before menstruation, include nervous tension, anxiety, irritability, bloating, depression, and mood swings. Regular physical activity and good nutrition may reduce the severity of symptoms. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS )

Disorders of the female reproductive system Rare but serious bacterial infection that affects the immune system and the liver and can be fatal. To reduce the risk of TSS, use tampons with the lowest possible absorbency and change tampons often. Warning signs of TSS include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, a sunburn-like rash, dizziness, and muscle aches. Any female with these symptoms should seek health care immediately. Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Problems of the female reproductive system This painful, chronic disease occurs when tissue that lines the uterus migrates and grows in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, the uterus, or the lining of the pelvic cavity. Treatments include pain medications, hormone therapy, and surgery. Endometriosis

Other problems of the female reproductive system Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs on the ovary. Larger cysts may require surgery. Cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer occur in the female reproductive system.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM BLADDER PROSTATE - adds chemical fluid RECTUMURETHRA -carries urine & semen PENIS

MORE ANATOMY SEMINAL VESICLE -Adds sugary Fluid to semen VAS DEFERENS TESTICLE (TESTES) -sperm are made SCROTUM (sac) EPIDIDYMIS -where sperm are stored and mature COWPER’S GLAND

TESTES EPIDIDYMIS VAS DEFERENS URETHRA = OUT (picks up fluid) SPERM PATH

MALE REPRODUCTION PRACTICE WS

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Care of the male reproductive system Get regular checkups by a physician. Wear protective equipment during physical activities. Perform regular self- examinations for signs of cancer. Practice abstinence to avoid contracting STDs.

Problems of the male reproductive system A separation of tissue that allows part of the intestine to push into the abdominal wall near the top of the scrotum. Symptoms of inguinal hernia may include a lump in the groin near the thigh, pain in the groin, or in severe cases, partial or complete blockage of the intestine. Surgery is usually necessary to repair the opening in the muscle wall. Inguinal Hernia

Problems of the male reproductive system Sterility in males can result from too few sperm—fewer than 20 million per milliliter of seminal fluid—or sperm of poor quality. Causes of sterility: Environmental hazards Hormonal imbalance Certain medications and use of drugs Some diseases, including STDs Sterility

Problems of the male reproductive system Testicular cancer can affect males of any age but occurs most often in males between the ages of 14 and 40. Males should be prompted to seek health care if they notice any warning signs, such as a painless lump or swelling in either testicle or pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum. With early detection most testicular cancer is treatable through surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Testicular Cancer

Problems of the male reproductive system The prostate gland can become enlarged as a result of an infection, a tumor, and age-related problems. Symptoms may also indicate more serious conditions, including prostate cancer. Prostate cancer screening is usually done during routine physical exams for males over age 50. Early detection increases the chance of survival. Treatment includes surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy. Prostate Problems

PREGNANCY AND BIRTH

HOW DOES PREGNANCY OCCUR INSIDE THE BODY?

OVULATION OCCURS WHEN EGG IS RELEASED FROM THE OVARY

FERTILIZATION EGG IS FERTILIZED BY THE SPERM IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

TRAVEL FERTILIZED EGG MOVES THROUGH TUBE TOWARDS LINING OF THE UTERUS

IMPLANTATION FERTILIZED EGG IMPLANTS IN UTERUS WHERE IT WILL GROW

If fertilization does not occur= Menstruation

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES (GROWTH) 3-4 WEEKS EMBRYO 12 WEEKS FETUS 9 MONTHS FULL TERM

HOW THE DEVELOPING BABY LIVES UMBILICAL CORD PLACENTA AMNIOTIC SAC

WHAT HAPPENS DURING LABOR? STEP #1 FETUS USUALLY MOVES SO THAT ITS HEAD IS DOWN AGAINST THE CERVIX

STEP #2 UTERINE CONTRACTIONS CAUSE THE CERVIX TO DILATE IN PREPERATION FOR THE BABY TO BE BORN

STEP #3 THE CERVIX HAS COMPLETELY DILATED. MEMBRANES SURROUNDING THE BABY HAVE RUPTURED THE HEAD EMERGES AND THE SHOULDERS ROTATE

STEP #4 THE BABY HAS BEEN BORN THE UTERUS EXPELS THE PLACENTA AND THE UMBILICAL CORD

SIGNS OF PREGNANCY LATE O R MISSED PERIOD LIGHTER OR SHORTER PERIOD BREAST TENDERNESS NAUSEA OR VOMITING APPETITE CHANGES FREQUENT URINATION FATIGUE OR TIREDNESS

PREGNANCY TESTS URINE TEST: TESTS FOR HCG (hormone produced when woman is pregnant) PELVIC EXAM: CHECK THE SIZE OF UTERUS BLOOD TEST: NOT OFTEN USED URINE TEST: USED OFTEN

HOW TO AVOID PREGNANCY ABSTINENCE AND CONTRACEPTION