{ Chapter 18 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems

Define the following vocabulary terms: -Endocrine glands -Hormones -Thyroid gland -Parathyroid Glands -Pancreas -Pituitary Glands -Gonads -Adrenal Glands Lesson 1: The Endocrine System

1. Describe the role of the pituitary gland. What are the three different lobes within this gland and what are they responsible for? 2. Describe the role of the Adrenal Gland. What are the two parts of the Adrenal gland and what purpose to they serve? 3. What are problems that occur within the Endocrine system? List three and discuss which you believe is most prevalent in our society.

The Endocrine System is a network or glands within the body. Endocrine glands are ductless organs or groups of cells that secrete hormones directly into the blood. Hormones are chemicals that the body’s glands produce. They help control many of your body’s functions. The following slides discuss some of these major glands: Structure of the Endocrine System

Pituitary Gland This is the master gland. It controls the action of all the other glands. It has three parts: This is the master gland. It controls the action of all the other glands. It has three parts: Anterior lobe-makes 6 hormones. One controls body growth and hormones that control the growth and function of the gonads Anterior lobe-makes 6 hormones. One controls body growth and hormones that control the growth and function of the gonads Intermediate lobe-secretes a hormone that controls the darkening of skin Intermediate lobe-secretes a hormone that controls the darkening of skin Posterior lobe- secretes a hormone that controls the balance of water in the body Posterior lobe- secretes a hormone that controls the balance of water in the body

Adrenal Glands These are glans that help the body recover from stress and react to emergencies. They have two parts These are glans that help the body recover from stress and react to emergencies. They have two parts Adrenal cortex-secretes hormones that affect sodium levels, blood pressure, metabolism, and immunity Adrenal cortex-secretes hormones that affect sodium levels, blood pressure, metabolism, and immunity Adrenal medulla-secretes adrenaline Adrenal medulla-secretes adrenaline

Thyroid Gland- makes hormones that controls metabolism, body heat, and bone growth Thyroid Gland- makes hormones that controls metabolism, body heat, and bone growth Testes- male reproductive glands Testes- male reproductive glands Ovaries-female reproductive gland Ovaries-female reproductive gland Pineal gland- secretes melatonin. This controls sleep cycles and affects the onset of puberty Pineal gland- secretes melatonin. This controls sleep cycles and affects the onset of puberty Endocrine System continued

Diabetes mellitus- when the pancreas does not make enough insulin. It may cause high glucose levels. You have to urinate often. It may cause fatigue, loss of weight and thirst. Diabetes mellitus- when the pancreas does not make enough insulin. It may cause high glucose levels. You have to urinate often. It may cause fatigue, loss of weight and thirst. Graves’ disease- this is when the thyroid makes too much thyroxin. It may cause you to feel nervous an have rapid weight loss, rapid heart rate, and thirst Graves’ disease- this is when the thyroid makes too much thyroxin. It may cause you to feel nervous an have rapid weight loss, rapid heart rate, and thirst Cushing’s Disease- a result of too many adrenal hormones. It may cause you to have a round face, a hump on you lower back, thin skin, and fragile bones. Cushing’s Disease- a result of too many adrenal hormones. It may cause you to have a round face, a hump on you lower back, thin skin, and fragile bones. Problems with Endocrine System

Define the following terms from lesson 2: Define the following terms from lesson 2: Reproductive system Reproductive system Sperm Sperm Testosterone Testosterone Testes Testes Scrotum Scrotum Penis Penis Semen Semen Sterility Sterility Lesson 2: The Male Reproductive System

Label the Male reproductive System

Main parts of the external organs of Male Reproductive System Testes: two small glands that make sperm Testes: two small glands that make sperm Scrotum: external skin sac that holds the testes Scrotum: external skin sac that holds the testes Penis: a tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes Penis: a tube shaped organ that extends from the trunk of the body just above the testes

Internal Organs of Male Reproductive System Urethra: tube by which semen and urine leave the male reproductive system Urethra: tube by which semen and urine leave the male reproductive system Seminal Vesicles: make the fluid that mixes with the sperm Seminal Vesicles: make the fluid that mixes with the sperm Prostrate Gland: make the fluids that mix with sperm and form semen Prostrate Gland: make the fluids that mix with sperm and form semen Epididymis: coiled tube next to testis where sperm mature. The body also stores sperm in this tube Epididymis: coiled tube next to testis where sperm mature. The body also stores sperm in this tube Vas Deferens: tubes that extend from epididymis to the urethra Vas Deferens: tubes that extend from epididymis to the urethra

Get Check Ups Get Check Ups All males should get medical check ups every 12 or 18 months All males should get medical check ups every 12 or 18 months Bathe Often Bathe Often Shower or bathe every day Shower or bathe every day Wear Safety Gear Wear Safety Gear Use a protective cup during sports Use a protective cup during sports Do regular self-exams Do regular self-exams Check the scrotum and testes for any signs of cancer Check the scrotum and testes for any signs of cancer Practice abstinence Practice abstinence Abstain from sexual activity until marriage to avoid STD’s Abstain from sexual activity until marriage to avoid STD’s Care of Male Reproductive System

Define the following terms: Define the following terms: Ova Ova Uterus Uterus Ovaries Ovaries Ovulation Ovulation Fallopian tubes Fallopian tubes Vagina Vagina Cervix Cervix Menstruation Menstruation Lesson 3: The Female Reproductive System

Structure and Function of Female Reproductive System Ova are the female sex glands Ova are the female sex glands Uterus: a hollow, pear-shaped organ inside the female body Uterus: a hollow, pear-shaped organ inside the female body Ovaries: the female sex glands. They store the ova and make the sex hormones Ovaries: the female sex glands. They store the ova and make the sex hormones Ovulation: is the process of sending mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month Ovulation: is the process of sending mature ovum into the fallopian tube each month Vagina: is a muscular, elastic tube that goes from the uterus to the outside of the body. Sperm enter the female by way of the vagina Vagina: is a muscular, elastic tube that goes from the uterus to the outside of the body. Sperm enter the female by way of the vagina

Bathe Often Bathe Often Shower or bathe daily. Change tampons or sanitary pads every few hours when menstruating Shower or bathe daily. Change tampons or sanitary pads every few hours when menstruating Practice Abstinence Practice Abstinence Abstain from sexual activity until marriage to avoid pregnancy and STD’s Abstain from sexual activity until marriage to avoid pregnancy and STD’s Do breast self-exams Do breast self-exams Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women. Early detection adds to the chance of cure Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women. Early detection adds to the chance of cure Care of Female Reproductive System

Cramps Cramps May occur at the start of a cycle May occur at the start of a cycle PMS PMS Premenstrual Syndrome. The result of a hormonal change. May cause weight gain, bloating, tensions, and mood swings. Premenstrual Syndrome. The result of a hormonal change. May cause weight gain, bloating, tensions, and mood swings. TSS TSS Toxic Shock Syndrome. A rare but very serious bacterial infection. It can affect the immune system and the liver. It can be fatal. May cause fever, vomiting, rash, and more. Toxic Shock Syndrome. A rare but very serious bacterial infection. It can affect the immune system and the liver. It can be fatal. May cause fever, vomiting, rash, and more. Endometriosis Endometriosis Very painful and chronic disease. The tissue that lines the uterus moves and grows in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic cavity Very painful and chronic disease. The tissue that lines the uterus moves and grows in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or pelvic cavity PID PID Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvis. Usually caused by STD Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- infection of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvis. Usually caused by STD STD’s STD’s Most common source of infertility. Most common source of infertility. Ovarian Cysts Ovarian Cysts Fluid-filled sacs on the ovary Fluid-filled sacs on the ovary Problems for the Female Reproductive System

{ Page Exploring Health Terms 1-10 Recalling the Facts 1-10 Chapter Review