Pamela A Dorton, PhD Candidate University of Wisconsin – Madison And TCF Intern, Department of Veterans Affairs (paper completed) May 2008 “…And we’re not talking methane collection here.” ---Bessy the Cow

21 st Century Challenges

What was the impetus? This study addressed a need at the VA and met a course requirement Federal Mandate regarding Energy Executive Order of 2007 the reduction of energy use by 3% in each of the years from 2007 through 2015 ( 27% total reduction ) increase the usage of renewable energy sources by (in total electricity use) 3% in each year from 2007 – 2009, by 5% in each year from 2010 – 2012, by 7.5% in 2013 ( 31.5% total by the end of 2013 ) and each year thereafter with at least half of the savings from new sources each year (at least 15.75% from new sources by the end of 2013 ); and to reduce water usage by 2% per year from 2008 through 2015 ( 16% by 2015 ).

How do we meet these Federal goals, painlessly? William McDonough and Michael Braungart (2002) Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. New York: North Point Press. “ECOLOGICALLY INTELLIGENT DESIGN”

Created by Department of Veterans Affairs stain.asp

The Project Low- or No- Cost Up Front Measures Initial cost < $250K Payback in a PORTION of the first year >100% savings in subsequent years Utilization Savings

JUSTIFICATION Benjamin Franklin, 1782

General Building Energy Use Energy Use In Healthcare General Madison VA Federal Energy initiatives How to Achieve Energy Savings at the Madison VA No Cost Low Cost More aggressive future considerations Projected Positive Results Large Framework Accomplishments Large Framework Needs

“What’s the Vector, Victor?” The Built Environment In the United States alone, buildings account for: 72% of electricity consumption, 39% of energy use, 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, 40% of raw materials use, 30% of waste output (136 million tons annually), and 14% of potable water consumption. accessed on May 12, 2009

General

Energy Use in Healthcare is higher than nearly all other building types

Madison VA

Ones Used in this Proposal : USGBC-LEED EPAct MOU Executive Order 13423

Meeting the Federal mandates Possible Specific Strategies Install solar collection panels/film Investigate new sources of power. Wind? Methane Gas? Collect storm water; utilize ‘gray water’ methods and processes?

No Cost Measures

Individual commitment to a group effort - that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work. ---Vince Lombardi “No Smoking Campaign” results in High School age students: 1996 – 6,832,400 students smoked (out of 17,081,000 total) 2006 – 3,416,200 students smoked (a 50% DECREASE in student smoking)

Energy Use In Healthcare Facilities Behavioral Changes

Behavioral Citizenship Use Sunlight in offices Turn everything off when leaving for the day Turn off the light when you leave the restroom Purchase high-efficient lamps when replacing old Employee Education Events Water Conservation

Low Cost

Recommissioning $0.25/SF or % of building construction costs Calibrate Thermostats Adjust Dampers Adjust controls to original design Optimize Start time and trim down last hour Future Energy Savings Potential per year 7% – 23% ($175,000 to $575,000 each year) for 10 years ($1.75 million to $5.75 million)

Energy Use In Healthcare Facilities Water Consumption

Energy Use In Healthcare Facilities Electricity Occupancy Sensors $12,000/$57,000 Perimeter Fan Coil Timers $90,000/$177,000 Operation Controller Chilled Water $92,000/$148,000 Heat Reclaim System $277,000/$427,000 Variable Speed Drive Controllers $411,000/$531,000

Projected Positive Results

Measurement Verification DOE BLAST Modeling 35.3% savings on energy use the first year equals approximately $882,000 savings 54.7% savings on energy use every year thereafter equals approximately $1,367,000 savings From $5 s.f.  $2.27 s.f.

 Provided clear political leadership  Made immediate changes to existing government buildings  Adopted a cross- governmental approach  Adopted more affordable energy efficient alternatives in the retrofitting of existing buildings at the beginning Give Ourselves a Pat on the Back Large Framework Accomplishments:

Future Needs: Task force for research Centralized network of energy efficiency information Local sourcing of building materials Better Training Ensure best practices Fund research Energy-efficiency in school curriculums Encourage partnership

The Future Change we CAN believe in