Skeletal Muscle Groups Ready or not, here we go!

A. Muscles of Facial Expression 1. Frontalis A: elevates eyebrows A: elevates eyebrows O: occipital bone O: occipital bone I: skin of eyebrow I: skin of eyebrow 2. Occipitalis A: pulls scalp posterior A: pulls scalp posterior O: mastoid process of occipital bone O: mastoid process of occipital bone I: galea aponeurotica I: galea aponeurotica

3. Orbicularis oculi A: closes eyelid A: closes eyelid O: frontal & maxillary bones O: frontal & maxillary bones I: skin around eyelid I: skin around eyelid 4. Orbicularis oris A: closes lips A: closes lips Kissing, speaking Kissing, speaking O: facia surrounding lips O: facia surrounding lips I: corners of mouth I: corners of mouth

5. Zygomaticus Major/Minor A: Retracts & elevates corners of mouth A: Retracts & elevates corners of mouth smiling smiling O: zygomatic bone O: zygomatic bone I: corner of mouth/upper lip I: corner of mouth/upper lip 6. Buccinator- “kissing muscle” A: compresses cheeks A: compresses cheeks Sucking, whistling, blowing Sucking, whistling, blowing O: mandible & maxillary bones O: mandible & maxillary bones I: orbicularis oris I: orbicularis oris

7. Depressor anguli oris A: Depresses corner of mouth O: Anterolateral surface of mandibular body I: Skin at corner of mouth

Muscles of Facial Expression

B. Muscles of Mastication 1. Masseter- strongest jaw muscle A: elevates the mandible A: elevates the mandible Closes mouth Closes mouth O: zygomatic arch O: zygomatic arch I: mandibular ramus I: mandibular ramus 2. Temporalis A: elevates mandible A: elevates mandible O: temporal bone O: temporal bone I: coronoid process of mandible I: coronoid process of mandible

Muscles of Mastication

C. Muscles of the Neck 1. Platysma A. Depresses mandible, tenses neck A. Depresses mandible, tenses neck O: Upper thorax between cartilage of 2 nd rib & acromion process O: Upper thorax between cartilage of 2 nd rib & acromion process I: Mandible & skin of cheek I: Mandible & skin of cheek 2. Sternocleidomastoid A: flexes head, turns head side to side A: flexes head, turns head side to side O: clavicle & manubrium O: clavicle & manubrium I: mastoid process of temporal bone I: mastoid process of temporal bone

3. Omohyoid A. Depresses hyoid & larynx A. Depresses hyoid & larynx O: Central tendon attaches to clavicle & 1 st rib O: Central tendon attaches to clavicle & 1 st rib I: 2 bellies: I: 2 bellies: Superior- hyoid bone Superior- hyoid bone Inferior- superior margin of scapula Inferior- superior margin of scapula 4. Sternohyoid A: Depresses hyoid & larynx A: Depresses hyoid & larynx O: Clavicle & manubrium O: Clavicle & manubrium I: Hyoid bone I: Hyoid bone

Muscles of the Neck

Quiz Tomorrow! Head & Neck Muscles

D. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle 1. Trapezius A: extends head & elevates scapula A: extends head & elevates scapula Look up & shrugs shoulders Look up & shrugs shoulders O: occipital bone & thoracic & cervical vertebrae O: occipital bone & thoracic & cervical vertebrae I: clavicle & scapula I: clavicle & scapula 2. Serratus Anterior A: Abduction, upward rotation, protracts shoulder A: Abduction, upward rotation, protracts shoulder O: Anterior & superior margins of ribs 1-9 O: Anterior & superior margins of ribs 1-9 I: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula I: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula

3. Rhomboid Major/Minor A: Adduction, downward rotation A: Adduction, downward rotation O: O: Major: Spinus processes of upper thoracic vertebra Major: Spinus processes of upper thoracic vertebra Minor: Spinus processes of cervical vertebrae Minor: Spinus processes of cervical vertebrae I: Vertebral border of scapula I: Vertebral border of scapula 4. Pectoralis Minor A: elevates ribs (breathing) & depresses shoulders A: elevates ribs (breathing) & depresses shoulders O: ribs 3-5 O: ribs 3-5 I: coracoid process of scapula I: coracoid process of scapula

E. Muscles of the Shoulder & Upper Arms 1. Pectoralis Major A: adducts & flexes humerus, rotates arms medially A: adducts & flexes humerus, rotates arms medially O: clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilage O: clavicle, sternum, & costal cartilage I: greater tubercle of humerus I: greater tubercle of humerus 2. Deltoid A: abducts humerus A: abducts humerus O: clavicle & scapula O: clavicle & scapula I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

(Rotator Cuff Muscles) 3. Supraspinatus A: Abduction, stabilization A: Abduction, stabilization O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus I: Greater tubercle of humerus 4. Infraspinatus A: Adduction, outward rotation A: Adduction, outward rotation O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula I: Greater tubercle of humerus I: Greater tubercle of humerus

(Rotator Cuff Muscles) 5. Teres Minor A: Adduction, outward rotation A: Adduction, outward rotation O: Inferior angle of scapula O: Inferior angle of scapula I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus 6. Subscapularis A: Adduction, inward rotation A: Adduction, inward rotation O: Subscapular fossa of scapula O: Subscapular fossa of scapula I: Lesser tubercle of humerus I: Lesser tubercle of humerus

7. Teres Major A: Adduct, inward rotation, extension A: Adduct, inward rotation, extension O: Inferior angle of scapula O: Inferior angle of scapula I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus I: Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus 8. Latissimus Dorsi A: extends, adducts, & rotates arms medially A: extends, adducts, & rotates arms medially O: spines of T7-sacrum, iliac crest, & ribs 9-12 O: spines of T7-sacrum, iliac crest, & ribs 9-12 I: intertubercular groove of humerus I: intertubercular groove of humerus

9. Biceps Brachii- “two heads” A: flexes elbow, supinates forearm A: flexes elbow, supinates forearm O: scapula O: scapula I: radial tuberosity I: radial tuberosity 10. Triceps Brachii- “three heads” A: extends arm (antagonist to biceps brachii) A: extends arm (antagonist to biceps brachii) O: scapula & humerus O: scapula & humerus I: olecranon process of ulna I: olecranon process of ulna

11. Coracobrachialis A: Adduction, flexion A: Adduction, flexion O: Coracoid process O: Coracoid process I: Medial margin of shaft of humerus I: Medial margin of shaft of humerus

F. Muscles of the Forearm 1. Brachioradialis A: flexes elbow, supinates forearm A: flexes elbow, supinates forearm O: lateral epicondyle of humerus O: lateral epicondyle of humerus I: styloid process of ulna I: styloid process of ulna 2. Brachialis A: Flexion A: Flexion O: Anterior distal surface of the humerus O: Anterior distal surface of the humerus I: Tuberosity of ulna I: Tuberosity of ulna

(mentioned previously) 3. Biceps Brachii A: Flexion, supination A: Flexion, supination O: scapula O: scapula I: radial tuberosity I: radial tuberosity 4. Triceps Brachii A: extends arm A: extends arm O: scapula & humerus O: scapula & humerus I: olecranon process of ulna I: olecranon process of ulna

G. Muscles of the Hand & Wrist 1. Flexor Carpi Radialis A: Flexion & abducts wrist & hand A: Flexion & abducts wrist & hand O: Medial epicondyle of humerus O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: Base of 2 nd & 3 rd metacarpals I: Base of 2 nd & 3 rd metacarpals 2. Palmaris Longus A: Flexion of the wrist and hand A: Flexion of the wrist and hand O: Medial epicondyle of humerus O: Medial epicondyle of humerus I: Palmar aponerosis & flexor retinaculum I: Palmar aponerosis & flexor retinaculum

3. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris A: Flexion & adduction of wrist & hand A: Flexion & adduction of wrist & hand O: Medial epicondlye of humerus, medial surface of olecranon, anteromedial part of ulna O: Medial epicondlye of humerus, medial surface of olecranon, anteromedial part of ulna I: Pisiform & hamate bones & 5 th metacarpal I: Pisiform & hamate bones & 5 th metacarpal 4. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus A: Extension & abduction of wrist & hand A: Extension & abduction of wrist & hand O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus I: 2 nd metacarpal I: 2 nd metacarpal

5. Extensor Digitorum A: Extension of the fingers & hand A: Extension of the fingers & hand O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Posterior surfaces of phalanges 2-5 I: Posterior surfaces of phalanges Extensor Carpi Ulnaris A: Extension & adduction of wrist & hand A: Extension & adduction of wrist & hand O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, dorsal surface of ulna O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, dorsal surface of ulna I: Base of 5 th metacarpal I: Base of 5 th metacarpal

Flexors

Extensors

Quiz Tomorrow Shoulder, Arm, Forearm, Wrist & Hand Muscles

G. Muscles of the Abdomen 1. Rectus Abdominis A: depresses rib cage & flexes vertebral column A: depresses rib cage & flexes vertebral column O: pubic symphysis O: pubic symphysis I: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid process I: costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid process 2. External Oblique A: compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column & lateral rotation A: compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column & lateral rotation O: ribs 5-12 O: ribs 5-12 I: iliac crest & linea alba I: iliac crest & linea alba

3. Internal Oblique A: same as external oblique A: same as external oblique O: iliac crest O: iliac crest I: costal cartilage of ribs 8-12 & linea alba I: costal cartilage of ribs 8-12 & linea alba 4. Transversus Abdominis A: compresses abdomen A: compresses abdomen O: iliac crest & costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 O: iliac crest & costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 I: pubis, linea alba, & xiphoid process I: pubis, linea alba, & xiphoid process

3. Diaphragm- separates thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities A: expands thorax A: expands thorax O: costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 & xiphoid process O: costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 & xiphoid process I: central tendon of diaphragm I: central tendon of diaphragm

Quiz Tomorrow Abdominal Muscles

H. Muscles of the Hip & Thigh 1. Iliacus A: Flexion, outward rotation A: Flexion, outward rotation O: Iliac fossa O: Iliac fossa I: Distal femur I: Distal femur 2. Psoas Major A: Flexion, outward rotation A: Flexion, outward rotation O: Anterior surfaces of vertebrae T12- L5 O: Anterior surfaces of vertebrae T12- L5 I: Lesser trochanter of femur I: Lesser trochanter of femur

3. Rectus Femoris (part of Quadriceps) A: Flexion A: Flexion O: Anterior inferior iliac spine & superior rim of acetabulum O: Anterior inferior iliac spine & superior rim of acetabulum I: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament I: Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament 4. Sartorius A: Flexion, outward rotation A: Flexion, outward rotation O: Anterior, superior iliac spine O: Anterior, superior iliac spine I: Medial tibia I: Medial tibia

5. Gracilis A: Adduction A: Adduction O: Inferior ramus of pubis O: Inferior ramus of pubis I: Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle I: Medial surface of tibia inferior to medial condyle 6. Pectineus A: Flexion, adduction A: Flexion, adduction O: Superior ramus of pubis O: Superior ramus of pubis I: Inferior to lesser trochanter of femur I: Inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

7. Adductor Longus A: Adduction, flexion A: Adduction, flexion O: Inferior ramus of pubis O: Inferior ramus of pubis I: linea aspera of femur I: linea aspera of femur 8. Gluteus Maximus A: extends & laterally rotates thigh A: extends & laterally rotates thigh O: iliac crest, sacrum, & coccyx O: iliac crest, sacrum, & coccyx I: femur I: femur

(Hamstrings Group) 9. Semitendinosus A: Extension A: Extension O: Ischial tuberosity O: Ischial tuberosity I: Proximal, medial surface of tibia I: Proximal, medial surface of tibia 10. Semimembranosus A: Extension A: Extension O: Ischial tuberosity O: Ischial tuberosity I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

(Hamstrings Group) 11. Biceps Femoris A: Extension A: Extension O: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur O: Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur I: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia I: Head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

12. Tensor Fasciae Latae A: Flexion, stabilizes knee A: Flexion, stabilizes knee O: Iliac crest & anterior superior iliac spine O: Iliac crest & anterior superior iliac spine I: Iliotibial tract I: Iliotibial tract 13. Gluteus Medius A: Abduction A: Abduction O: Anterior iliac crest O: Anterior iliac crest I: Greater trochanter of femur I: Greater trochanter of femur

I. Muscles of the Knee Joint 1. Sartorius- mentioned previously A: Flexion A: Flexion 2. Gracilis- mentioned previously A: Flexion A: Flexion 3. Gastrocnemius A: Flexion A: Flexion O: lateral & medial epicondyles of femur O: lateral & medial epicondyles of femur I: calcaneus I: calcaneus

(Quadriceps Group) 4. Rectus Femoris- mentioned previously A: Extension A: Extension 5. Vastus Lateralis A: Extension A: Extension O: Anterior & inferior to greater trochanter & linea aspera O: Anterior & inferior to greater trochanter & linea aspera I: Tibial tuberosity I: Tibial tuberosity

(Quadriceps Group) 6. Vastus Medialis A: Extension A: Extension O: Entire length of linea aspera of femur O: Entire length of linea aspera of femur I: Tibial tuberosity I: Tibial tuberosity 7. Vastus Intermedius A: Extension A: Extension O: Anterolateral surface of femur & linea aspera O: Anterolateral surface of femur & linea aspera I: Tibial tuberosity I: Tibial tuberosity

(Hamstrings Group) 8. Semitendinosis- mentioned previously A: Flexion A: Flexion 9. Semimembranosus- mentioned previously A: Flexion A: Flexion 10. Biceps Femoris- mentioned previously A: Flexion A: Flexion

J. Muscles of the Ankle Joint 1. Tibialis Anterior A: dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot A: dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot O: lateral epicondyle & body of tibia O: lateral epicondyle & body of tibia I: 1 st metatarsal I: 1 st metatarsal 2. Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus A: Everts and plantar flexes foot, supports arch A: Everts and plantar flexes foot, supports arch O:lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula O:lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula I: base of 1 st metatarsal, medial cuneiform bone I: base of 1 st metatarsal, medial cuneiform bone

3. Gastrocnemius- mentioned previously A: Plantar flexes foot A: Plantar flexes foot 4. Soleus A: plantar flexes foot A: plantar flexes foot O: posterior fibular & tibia O: posterior fibular & tibia I: calcaneus I: calcaneus

Next Week We will start dissecting the fetal pigs Friday. I would like you to work in these pairs: We will start dissecting the fetal pigs Friday. I would like you to work in these pairs: Sara & Alyssa Sara & Alyssa Kelly & Jamie Kelly & Jamie Cecily & TravisMegan will be working Cecily & TravisMegan will be working Bethany & Jordanon a special project for Bethany & Jordanon a special project for Andrew & Reneeme on her own. Andrew & Reneeme on her own. Max & Amanda Max & Amanda Emma & Jacob Emma & Jacob

Dissection Details I will assign each pair a specific muscle group to start with, and if your group completes that dissection, you may go on to dissect the rest of the pig. I will assign each pair a specific muscle group to start with, and if your group completes that dissection, you may go on to dissect the rest of the pig. You must dress appropriately for the lab: You must dress appropriately for the lab: Close-toed shoes Close-toed shoes No loose clothing/jewelry (unless you want pig juice on them!) No loose clothing/jewelry (unless you want pig juice on them!) Hair must be tied back (ditto to the above comment- I hear it’s a great conditioner!) Hair must be tied back (ditto to the above comment- I hear it’s a great conditioner!) No food or drink while we’re dissecting No food or drink while we’re dissecting

Grading for the Dissection Each day we dissect you will receive a participation grade. Each day we dissect you will receive a participation grade. You will also be graded on how well you dissect/identify your assigned muscle group. You will also be graded on how well you dissect/identify your assigned muscle group. I may look into giving some extra points for dissecting more than just your assigned muscles. I may look into giving some extra points for dissecting more than just your assigned muscles. You will lose participation points if you are gone for a lab day (we’ll talk if it’s excused). You will lose participation points if you are gone for a lab day (we’ll talk if it’s excused).