Global Trade China & Japan

Confucian Beliefs Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes. Be not ashamed of mistakes and thus make them crimes. Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves. Before you embark on a journey of revenge, dig two graves. I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good. He who speaks without modesty will find it difficult to make his words good.

1. China Viewed itself as the “Middle Kingdom” and the center of the universe

2. Rulers A) Ming Dynasty-kick out the mongols in 1600s B) Rule for 200 years-revert back to Confucianism Hong Wu

C. The Ming put in a policy Policy of Isolationism (Forbidden City)

D. Hong Wu’s son Zheng He hired explorer Zheng He “Explored” before Europeans but considered it a waist

How China saw the Eastern World

3. China’s Isolation A) Creation of foreign enclaves (Regions set up for Trade) to control trade

B) Imperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade C) Increase in European demand for Chinese goods (tea, porcelain)

4. Manchus or Qing Dynasty A. Qing Dynasty-outsiders but continue Isolationism Exported tea and porcelain (leads to later problems)

A Letter from Emperor Qian- Long to King George of Great Britain “There is nothing we lack, as your principal envoy and others have themselves observed. We have never set much store on strange or ingenious objects, nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.”

Qing/ Ming Dynasties ( population doubled)

Policy towards Europeans Imperial control of trade on three ports (restriction/enclaves) Foreigners had to pay tribute & perform Kowtow Dutch had most success

Kowtow

Kowtowing to Settlers

Japan Late 1400’s- Collapse of Ashikaga Shogunate Unification occurred under three powerful figures: Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa period of the Warring States

Japan A) Led by Shogunate rulers

Shogun viewing heads of enemies

Seppuku Samurai ritual if one were to fail in battle

Getting ready for Seppuku Writing a Haiku

Emperor had no real power Valued Confucianism Society based on agriculture (Confucianism)

Life in Japan b/4 and after Shogunates

European interaction Highly interested in the Portuguese during first contact (1543) Open up trade for about 50 years Christian missionaries Quickly close trade except for one port, follow Isolationism (1639)

Interaction with the West Foreigners welcomed at first Novelty items- clocks, eyeglasses, and tobacco Jesuit missionaries converted many local daimyo to Christianity. By 1600, much of Kyushu and Shikoku were Christian. Christianity used to offset power of Buddhists

Interaction with the West Daimyo interested in gunpowder weapons Gunpowder influenced architecture- as daimyo built stone castles Eventual banishment of gunpowder weapons and return to the cult of the sword

Interaction with the West Missionaries destroyed Japanese shrines and temples Christians persecuted by Hideyoshi- banned by Tokugawa Japanese Christian revolts ruthlessly suppressed Dutch only Western nation allowed to trade with Japan- limited basis at Nagasaki

Tokugawa Japan Unlike scholar- gentry, Japanese did not ignore outside world Kept informed of outside events through Dutch trade at Nagasaki Japanese scribe

Understanding #1 China & Japan sought to limit the influenced & activities of European merchants

Ottoman, Mughal,China,Japan Exit RAFT Religion practiced 1 Leaders of each Where was the Empire? How did each react to outsiders Ottoman Mughal China p. 89 Japan p. 84

1. If you were in China or Japan would you want Catholic Jesuits coming and spreading Catholicism? Why or Why not? 2. What did the Chinese do to implement their foreign policy? 3. What was the leaders of the Japanese referred to as? 4. What foreign policy did China and Japan implement