2. Unification of Japan Late 1400’s- Collapse of Ashikaga Shogunate
Period of the Warring States
Unification occurred under three powerful figures: Nobunaga, Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa

3. Unification of Japan Oda Nobunaga
Seized Kyoto and placed reigning shogun under his rule
Battle of Nagashino - use of gunpowder weapons
Nobunaga murdered by one of his generals
Oda Nobunaga

6. Unification of Japan Toyotomi Hideyoshi - succeeded Nobunaga
Extended lands to include Kyushu and Shikoku
Two attempts to invade Korea
Toyotomi Hideyoshi

7. Unification of Japan
Both Nobunaga and Hideyoshi used gunpowder weapons to gain power
Both unable to totally subjugate daimyo
Both had to create alliances with daimyo to gain power and hold / administer territory
A gathering of Daimyo

8. Unification of Japan
Tokugawa Ieyasu took control after death of Hideyoshi in 1598
Tokugawa powerful daimyo of Edo
Claimed title of Shogun in 1603
Tokugawa Shogunate most powerful and longest-lasting (1868)
Tokugawa Ieyasu

9. Shogun viewing heads of enemies

10. Interaction with the West
First contact by Portuguese in 1543
Arrival of Jesuit missionaries Francis Xavier
Focus on top down conversions

11. Interaction with the West
Foreigners welcomed at first
Novelty items- clocks, eyeglasses, and tobacco
Jesuit missionaries converted many local daimyo to Christianity. By 1600, much of Kyushu and Shikoku were Christian.
Christianity used to offset power of Buddhists

12. Interaction with the West
Daimyo interested in gunpowder weapons
Gunpowder influenced architecture- as daimyo built stone castles
Eventual banishment of gunpowder weapons and return to the cult of the sword

13. Interaction with the West
Missionaries destroyed Japanese shrines and temples
Christians persecuted by Hideyoshi- banned by Tokugawa
Japanese Christian revolts ruthlessly suppressed
Dutch only Western nation allowed to trade with Japan- limited basis at Nagasaki

15. Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa shogun ruled over Japanese semi-feudal system
Shogun set policy for the emperor
State separated into 250 provinces called Hans. Each Han ruled by a daimyo.

16. Tokugawa Shogunate Two levels of Daimyo:
Fudai – (inside) lesser nobility directly subordinate to the shogun
Tozama – (outside) greater and more independent nobilty, usually residing at greater distance from shogun

17. Tokugawa Japan Shogun controlled nobility through hostage system
Peace under shogun lessened need for warrior class
Many samurai became managers of daimyo estates
Samurai

18. Commerce Peace under shogunate allowed expansion of commercial sector
Business beneath them, but many daimyo forced to promote sale of goods to bring in revenue
Japanese market

19. Commerce Banks formed Use of paper money
Establishment of guilds to regulate the markets

20. Samurai Did not benefit from peace Barred from commerce by tradition
Relied on rice lands for income
Many debt-ridden

21. Samurai Many samurai released from service- became masterless or ronin
Ronin became problem due to plots and revolts

22. Agriculture Farmers did not benefit from peace
High taxes forced many from their lands
Tenant farming
Wage laborers
Revolts- 7,000 revolts in Tokugawa period
Rice farming

23. Tokugawa Japan Japan chose isolation
Neo-Confucianism replaced by the School of National Learning- philosophy based on native Japanese culture

24. Tokugawa Japan
Unlike scholar-gentry, Japanese did not ignore outside world
Kept informed of outside events through Dutch trade at Nagasaki
Japanese scribe