ADPC experience and Suggested approaches for Safer Coastal Zone Development NMSI Arambepola & Md Anisur Rahman Asian Disaster Preparedness Center 1

Importance of the Coastal Zone The coastal zone has several important values namely: 1.High level of biodiversity and biological activity 2.High scenic value, for tourism and recreation 3.Rich in biological and natural resources (coral reefs, sea-grass beds) 4.Cheap source of protein (fish, seafood, etc.) 5.Source of livelihoods and important backbone of local economy 6.Transportation, navigation 7.Settlements and housing 8.Rich in Natural resources 2 Source: World Resources Institute, 2001

Environmental Degradation Climate Change Impacts Disaster Risks 1.Extensive over-development of coastal and marine economy 2.High population density 3.Land-based and sea-based marine pollution 4.Threats to biological diversity (conversion of natural habitat to human uses) 5.The critical depletion of coastal resources and environment 6.Increasing conflicts on coastal development 7.Disaster risks from coastal hazards 8.Impacts of climate change ex. Sea Level Rise Issues and Challenges Along the Coasts 3 Sources: An, N.T.,Ed., 2003; An, N.T et al, 2006 and Nagothu, 2005

Coastal hazards are natural and human-made hazards that occur at the interface between the ocean and the shoreline. Coastal hazards are categorized as rapid-onset (fast moving) or slow- onset hazards 4 Coastal Hazards - Coastal Hazards Sea Level Rise Saltwater Intrusion Coastal Erosion Floods Storm Surge Storms Coastal Flooding vietnam.resiliencesystem.org vietmaz.com coastal-landscapes.com enr.construction.com Rapid-Onset Hazards Storms Flooding Storm Surge Tsunamis Slow-Onset Hazards Shoreline Erosion Sea Level Rise Saltwater Intrusion Land Subsidence

Hazards vs Disasters Hazard Vulnerability Coping Capacity Risk Disaster Loss In lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services Potential loss which may occur due to disaster Phenomenon resulting in loss Conditions increasing susceptibility to disaster Ability of people and organizations to manage impacts of disasters + - Understanding the occurrence of a Disaster: 5

HVR Capacity Assessment- participatory approach

HVRC Assessment - Technical inputs  Community based risk maps can be upgraded with GIS mapping, Multi hazard analysis Incorporated land use plans Risk indexes defined for ward levels

Local/Community level strategies 1.Objective setting - The setting of objectives and policies to manage safer development must be available to local governments. It can be termed as community level DRR/CCA plan. Typical objectives include accommodating future safer development by identifying land suitable for such purposes, protecting residents by avoiding climate change impacts and/or managing multihazard risk on land/built up area subject to the influence of coastal hazards, protecting environmentally sensitive areas. 9 2.Coastal hazard mapping - Coastal hazard mapping must identify coastal flood and erosion hazard(s) and to provide the technical basis for land use planning and development. 3.Risk management –  Identification, assessment, measurement, and prioritization of DRR and CCA measures  Responding to climate risk by selecting the most appropriate adaption tools 4.Emergency planning and preparedness – Advance and post disaster planning

DRR - Non structural measures 10 Measures to reduce the physical exposure of coastal areas to impacts of hazards: Early Warning Systems Training and capacity building Regulations such as Coastal Setbacks Public Awareness Others

Community based EWS Monitoring  Community Training on Flood alert & developing city level EWS  Developing Flood Models, establishing EWS mechanism & disseminate warnings and provide evacuation orders  Identifying evacuation routes & conducting regular simulations and drills

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 Community level EOC established  First Responder training  Supplemented with tools and equipment (life jackets, life buoys, tents, generators, boats, communication equipment, public address systems etc.)  Training kits  Operational manuals and training Contd… Implementation of Preparedness Measures

 Construction of drains to improve drainage  Improving water and sanitation facilities  Cleaning canals  Elevating access road to evacuation centers  Pond sand filter for safe drinking water Small grant programs for Implementation of DRR Actions – structural interventions

Local/Community level strategy Wet flood proofing - Wet flood proofing consists of providing protective measures below the Flood Construction Level of a building which allows water to enter and exit a structure with minimal damage. 16

Achieving Community Resilience t hrough integrating DRR in Socio-economic & livelihood programs focusing on urban poor …  Incorporating HVRC in local level economic development plans & promoting sustainable and diverse livelihoods  Availing technical and financial resources to reduce vulnerability to sustain urban livelihoods  Provide assistance in assessing the risks associated with SMEs, supply chains, location specific risks and helping in business continuity planning, etc.  Establishing social and cultural networks and support efforts in traditional coping strategies promoting indigenous methods

Community level CCA strategies 18

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