Chapter 13.3 Protestant Reformation Christianity splits into Catholic and Protestant branches b/c of perceived abuses of the Catholic Church. Led by Martin Luther ( ) PROTEST = PROTESTant

Chapter 13 vocab Patrons 1 Johan Guttenberg 2 Predestination 3Indulgences 3 Martin Luther 3Ghetto 4 Sect 4 Nicolaus Copernicus 5 Isaac Newton 5Hypothesis 5

Focus Q: Dec. 9 List and describe at least 3 accomplishments/inventions of Leonardo da Vinci. Why might we consider him to be a “Renaissance Man”?

Focus Q: Jan. 8 Page 426, read “Peace of Augsburg” 3 key words 1 sentence summary

Objective: to learn about….. 1.Why the Protestant Reformation occurred. 2.Who was Martin Luther (Lutheran?) and what did he do? 3.The influence of John Calvin. Why? 1. This is the split in Christianity: Catholic and Protestant

Background to the Reformation 1.Life in northern Europe was very uncertain 2.Most were very poor, life could be violent 3.Farming (consistent) economies changing to urban, market-based economies

Background to the Reformation 4. Wealth distributed unequally 5. Some Renaissance humanist ideas catch on – Try to understand and change your world – Social reform 6. Leads them to question the central force in their life—the Catholic Church

Church Abuses Late Middle Ages, the Church gets more caught up in worldly affairs 1.Popes compete for power w/ Italian princes 2.Fought wars to protect the papal states 3.Plot against rulers who try to control the Church in their lands 4.Church fought to expand its own interests

Church Abuses—the big deal 1.Popes lead lavish lives, patrons for the arts, etc. 2.To finance this stuff: raise prices for marriages, baptism, and some……. 3.***Sell indulgences: reduces the time your soul is in purgatory atoning for your sins*** 4.The poor are out of luck—greatly upsets Martin Luther

Martin Luther *** German monk, professor who triggers the Protestant Reformation *** 1.Very devout—Bible is the sole source of truth 2.Disillusioned w/ Church corruption and worldliness of popes

95 Theses (reasons) a priest in Wittenberg sells indulgences to help rebuild St. Peters Cathedral in Rome 2.Says it will ensure you get to heaven and your dead relatives too 3.Of course, the poor were out of luck 4.***Luther writes 95 reasons (theses) indulgences are wrong*** – Esp. Christians could only be saved by faith

Nailed to the Church door in Wittenberg?

The Revolt Begins!! 1.The 95 Theses are printed (Gutenberg) and distributed across Europe 2.***1521 Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther*** 3.Holy Roman Emperor declares Luther an outlaw and makes it a crime for anyone to feed or house him 4.However, Luther has 1000s of supporters who follow his teachings

Gutenberg’s Printing Press 1455, ***Gutenberg printed the 1 st complete version of the Bible on the printing press.*** 1.Before the printing press—only a few 1000 books in Europe—hand written 2.By 1500—15 to 20 million!!!!!!!!!! 3.Most important invention of all time?

1440ish

Luther’s Teachings 1.Christians should have equal access to the Bible 2.translates parts of it into German (from Latin) 3.Bans indulgences, confession, pilgrimages, prayers to saints 4.Simplifies mass, emphasizes the sermon 5.Let the clergy marry 6.They are called Lutherans: get it?

Protestant Denominations (Eastern, Greek)

A little humor….. Did you hear about the hungry clock? It went back four seconds! Ha!

Luther’s Ideas Spread By 1530, call themselves Protestant, for protesting papal authority 1.German princes embrace Luther’s beliefs to throw off the rule of the Church and Holy Roman Emperor 2.Other see it as a chance to take Church property in their territory 3.Other follow Luther b/c of national loyalty— Germany v. Italy

Peasants Revolt All across Germany 2.Want an end to serfdom, improvements to their very difficult lives 3.Luther believes in social order and respect for political authority ***Luther denounces peasants revolt*** 4. Nobles suppress the revolt

Peace of Augsburg In 1530s and 1540s, HRE Charles V tries to get Lutherans back to Catholic Church ***Peace of Augsburg: allowed princes to decide which religion—Catholic or Lutheran—would be followed in his lands***

Peace of Augsburg

John Calvin in Switzerland 1.French Priest, lawyer—1536 publishes a book on his religious beliefs ***predestination: God had determined long ago who would get salvation*** 2. Tried to life like saints b/c only those chosen could live a Christian life. Stress morality, honesty, hard work, thrift, discipline ***build a model of Protestant morality in Geneva***

Renaissance and Reformation creative side Draw a picture for the Renaissance and Reformation Make a simile for the Renaissance and Reformation