2. The Protestant Reformation Times They Are a Changin’

3. Reformation Beginning in the late Middle Ages the Catholic Church became increasingly caught up in worldly affairs Beginning in the late Middle Ages the Catholic Church became increasingly caught up in worldly affairs Popes and other high ranking church officials lived lavish life styles Popes and other high ranking church officials lived lavish life styles Popes spent cast amounts of money to build and rebuild cathedrals decorated by Europe’s greatest artists (St. Peter’s Cathedral and the Sistine Chapel) Popes spent cast amounts of money to build and rebuild cathedrals decorated by Europe’s greatest artists (St. Peter’s Cathedral and the Sistine Chapel)

4. Reformation Cont. To pay for these projects the church sold Indulgences or forgiveness for sins To pay for these projects the church sold Indulgences or forgiveness for sins Many people resented the sale of indulgences and the lavishness of the church Many people resented the sale of indulgences and the lavishness of the church In 1517 a monk named Martin Luther sparked a revolt against the church In 1517 a monk named Martin Luther sparked a revolt against the church which would split western which would split western Christianity and kill millions of Christianity and kill millions of people people

5. Martin Luther Born a German Monk Born a German Monk Viewed the sale of indulgences as a sin by the church Viewed the sale of indulgences as a sin by the church When the church began selling indulgences for dead relatives the hypocrisy was too much When the church began selling indulgences for dead relatives the hypocrisy was too much Martin Luther wrote up a list of arguments against the sale of indulgencies called the 95 Theses which he nailed to the church door Martin Luther wrote up a list of arguments against the sale of indulgencies called the 95 Theses which he nailed to the church door Quickly copies spread throughout N. Europe Quickly copies spread throughout N. Europe

6. Luther Cont. The church tried to make Luther recant or change his stance on indulgences, instead Luther became even more radical calling for a break with the catholic church The church tried to make Luther recant or change his stance on indulgences, instead Luther became even more radical calling for a break with the catholic church Luther was excommunicated, declared an outlaw, and hunted by church authorities Luther was excommunicated, declared an outlaw, and hunted by church authorities His powerful supporters begin to hide and shelter him His powerful supporters begin to hide and shelter him

7. Lutheran Teachings The only way to get to heaven is through faith alone The only way to get to heaven is through faith alone Luther declared that the Bible is the only source or religious truth and authority Luther declared that the Bible is the only source or religious truth and authority Luther rejected the idea that the priest and the church had special powers. Instead, he felt that Christians were equal before God Luther rejected the idea that the priest and the church had special powers. Instead, he felt that Christians were equal before God Finally Luther abolished the Sacraments, Confession, prayer to the Saints, elaborate religious ceremonies, and banned the sale of Indulgences Finally Luther abolished the Sacraments, Confession, prayer to the Saints, elaborate religious ceremonies, and banned the sale of Indulgences

8. Protestant Revolution Luther’s ideas found widespread support in N. Europe from peasants, clergy, and nobles Luther’s ideas found widespread support in N. Europe from peasants, clergy, and nobles The people who joined Luther’s church were said to be in protest and thus the Protestant branch of the Christian Church was born The people who joined Luther’s church were said to be in protest and thus the Protestant branch of the Christian Church was born Over the next several years Europe would be involved in a series of wars as Protestants and Catholics fought for control of Europe Over the next several years Europe would be involved in a series of wars as Protestants and Catholics fought for control of Europe Finally some peace was restored to Europe at the Peace of Augsburg in which individual Princes were allowed to decide which religion they would follow in their country Finally some peace was restored to Europe at the Peace of Augsburg in which individual Princes were allowed to decide which religion they would follow in their country Most of N. Europe (Germany, Denmark, Sweeden etc) became Protestant while much of S. Europe (Italy, France, Spain, etc) remained Catholic. Most of N. Europe (Germany, Denmark, Sweeden etc) became Protestant while much of S. Europe (Italy, France, Spain, etc) remained Catholic.

9. Protestant Reformation Forces changes in the catholic church The Catholic Reformation Educates the Clergy End the worldliness of the church Punishes corrupt church officials Gets the church back to churchly things Creates a new found feeling of faith in the catholic world Jesuits soldiers of god spread catholisism to the world The Inquisition Spain and other catholic counties Used to root out heretics Use fear and torture to get confessions Secret testimony Punishes Jews Easy targets Many killed or forced to flee Force Jews to live in the ghettos Witch Hunts Punishes social outcasts Women old and alone During times of religious unrest

10. Scientific Revolution Discovered the basic laws of nature on which our technology is based. Gutenberg- Printing press Descartes- “I think therefore I am” Copernicus- Theory that the Earth is not the center of the universe Galileo- Proves Copericus theory Invents the telescope Isaac Newton- Identifies the laws of gravity Calculus Francis Bacon- Scientific Method