Chapter 16 Start
Religion Important People Astronomy 100 Points 200 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points 100 Points100 Points100 Points100 Points 200 Points200 Points200 Points200 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points 300 Points300 Points300 Points 400 Points400 Points400 Points 500 Points500 Points500 Points Medicine Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century was…
More a gradual building on the accomplishments of previous centuries than a sudden shift in thought.
The greatest achievements in science during the sixteenth and seventeenth were in what areas?
Astronomy, mechanics, and medicine.
How was the role of women in the Scientific Revolution best characterized?
The manner in which Margaret Cavendish debated science with men.
What was the overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes?
Justify the continuation of male dominance in the field.
What did scientific societies first establish?
Journals describing the discoveries of members.
Explain what Blaise Pascal believed.
He believed that god can be known only by heart, not the reason.
Who is Benedict de Spinoza?
A philosopher who grew up in the relatively tolerant atmosphere of Amsterdam.
Organized religion in the seventeenth century…
Rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with Christian theology’s view of the universe.
Fill in the blanks: Although he was expelled from his Amsterdam ____ for heresy, Spinoza was actually a ____, not the atheist his critics claimed, believing that all things are in ____. (Daily Double)
Synagogue, panentheist, God
Spinoza said that man’s failure to understand the true nature of God leads to…
A society in which men use nature for selfish purposes.
How did Paracelsus revolutionize the world of medicine in the sixteenth century?
By treating diseases with his with his “like cures like” method.
Fill in the blank: Vesalius disputed Galen’s assertion that blood vessels originate in the ____ but did not doubt his claim that two different kinds of blood flow through the ____ and ____.
Liver, veins, arteries
What book did William Harvey write?
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood
Explain the two separate blood systems that Galen believed humans had.
One blood system controlled muscular activities and contained bright red blood moving upward and downward through the arteries; the other governed the digestive functions and contained dark red blood that ebbed and flowed in the veins.
Explain what Vesalius’ book, On the Fabric of the Human Body, was based on.
This book is based on his Paduan lectures, in which he deviated from traditional practice by personally dissecting a body to illustrate what he was discussing.
Who was Maria Sibylla Merian and what did she introduce to the field of science?
She was a reputable entomologist in the eighteenth century and she introduced the importance of providing precise illustrations of her subjects.
During Isaac Newton’s second intense period of creativity he wrote a book called…
Principia
Copernicus proposed what universal theories?
He explained the appearance of the sun’s rotation with a theory of earthly rotations.
Johannes Kepler was destined by his parents for a career as a Lutheran minister, yet he followed his dreams and became a…
Teacher of mathematics and astronomy at Graz in Austria.
Galileo was the first European to do what? (Daily Double)
Make systematic observations of the heavens by means of telescope, thereby inaugurating a new age in astronomy
The general conception of the universe prior to Copernicus held that…
The earth was at a stationary center, orbited by perfect crystalline spheres.
Johannes Kepler believed that the truth of the universe could be found by combining the study of mathematics with that of…
Neoplatonic magic.
Galileo believed what about planets planets?
That they were composed of material much like that of earth.
What did Isaac Newton’s scientific discoveries form?
The basis for universal physics well into the twentieth century.
What did Newton’s universal law of gravity offer?
An explanation for all motion in the universe.
Make your wager
Why did science become an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century?
It offered new means of making profit and maintaining social order.