Tissues Source: Shannan Muskopf - biologycorner.com

And this type.....

Epithelial Tissue Covers all body surfaces both inside and out. Main glandular (glands) tissue. Usually has no vascular tissue - blood supply. Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing). Cells are tightly packed together. If a girl weighs 100 pounds. How much of her weight is skin?

Where does all the dead skin you shed go? It takes about 27 days for the outer layer of skin to shed and be replaced; that works out to 1.5 pounds of skin cells per year.

Skin Cell gun used to replace skin cells of burn victims.

Epithelial tissue simple = single layer stratified = multiple layers squamous = flat cuboidal = square columnar = column (rectangle) Naming is based on description One type of tissue can be arranged in different forms, each form has a different function.

Simple Squamous Function: diffusion and filtration. Found in: air sacs lungs, blood vessels Simple Squamous Tissue

Simple Cuboidal Function: Absorption of molecules Found in: kidneys tubules, ducts and covering the ovaries

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Simple Columnar Function: Secretion of mucus and enzymes; Absorption of nutrients Found in: Digestive tract and uterus Contains goblet cells to secrete mucus Can have microvilli

Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer, nuclei are uneven giving it a layered appearance Can have goblet cells and cilia Function: secretion mucus, move mucus (ciliated) Found in: lining air passages (ciliated), tubes of reproductive system (nonciliated)

Stratified Squamous Function: protection Found in: skin, lining of nose, mouth, esophagus, anal canal, and vagina Can be keratinized or nonkeratinized

The ink of tattoos must be injected below the basement membrane.

Tissues often come in layers on the body – cuts on the skin may need to be stitched if they also go through the underlying tissue (usually more than a ¼ inch deep). This will definitely need stitches!

Transitional Epithelium Function: contract and expand; blocks diffusion (no leaking) Found in: the urinary bladder Stretchable

Glandular Epithelium Function: specialized to produce and secrete substances They make up the GLANDS exocrine glands | endocrine glands salivary, sweat hormones

Identify the tissues

Connective Tissue Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in your body Binds structures together Provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection Composed of more scattered cells within a matrix Made up of a ground substance and fibers Can be very fluid or hard Most have a good blood supply Cells can reproduce

Types of Cells in Connective Tissue ● Mast cells (prevents clots) ● Macrophages (consumers) ● Fibroblasts (produce fibers) Collagenous (bones, ligaments, tendons) Elastic (respiratory)

Ground substance Basement Membrane

Main types of Fibers Collagenous fibers - strong and flexible bones tendons ligaments Elastic fibers - very flexible, ears and vocal cords

Categories of Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Tissue: Areolar and Adipose Binds underlying organs to skin and to each other Forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body Softer Have more cells and fewer fibers Areolar: cushions and protects body organs Adipose: insulates and protects body

Adipose Tissue (fat)

Dense Fibrous Tissue Tendons = muscles to bones Ligaments = bones to bones; stretch more than tendons Lower Layers of dermis Little blood supply Collagen as main matrix element

DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CARTILAGE Mature cartilage cells are called chondrocytes Provides support and attachments, also cushions bones Avascular Only found in a few places

Hyaline Cartilage Function: facilitates smooth movement, support Found in: ends of joints, larynx, rib attachment to breastbone Abundant collagen fibers Has a distinctive glassy appearance Fun Fact: fetus skeleton starts as hyaline cartilage

Elastic cartilage Function: can bend and snap back, supports structure Found in: external ear, larynx, epiglottis Made of: elastic fibers

Fibrocartilage Function: support, shock absorbtion Found in: between vertebrae, site of healing fracture

Bone Tissue (Osseus) 2 Types: Compact and Spongy bone Made up of water, protein fibers (collagen), and mostly mineral salts like calcium and phosphorus Compact: Contain osteocytes – maintain healthy bone and bone remodeling Spongy: Site of blood cell formation

Blood Tissue (Vascular) Specialized form of connective tissue Made of mobile blood cells surrounded by non-living matrix called blood plasma. “fibers” are soluble proteins that become visible during blood clotting = highly fluid Blood is distinct from ordinary connective tissue

Muscle Tissue 4 properties of muscle tissue: 1.excitability (irritability) - ability to receive & respond to stimuli via generation of an electrical pulse causing contraction of the muscle cells 2.contractility - ability to shorten 3.extensibility - ability to be stretched or extended 4.elasticity - ability of a muscle fiber to recoil and return to its resting length

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Smooth (visceral) muscle

Vocabulary: Scaffolding | Decellularization | Matrix | Collagen | Antigens | Graft What is the purpose of this technology?

Nerve Tissue Forms a network for communication in the body by conducting signals from one part of the body to another Consists of two types of cells: 1.Neurons - carry the signals around the body 2.Supporting cells - insulate and protect the neurons. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Nervous tissue (brain)