Maive Rute Director for Biotechnologies, Food, Agriculture Research Directorate-General Research & Innovation European Commission Building bioeconomy in Europe

Using research and innovation to produce renewable raw materials sustainably in agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture… …and to process renewable raw materials into value added products in the food, bio-based and energy industries. The Bioeconomy Concept ©Biopact

Bioeconomy: what is at stake? ● An estimated 10% only of the carbon in the European waste streams is captured. An average 40% of biowaste goes to landfills (in some MSs up to 100%) ● Agriculture and food production emit GHG at a comparable level with transport sector. ● Up to 15 % of fossil oil gos to chemicals and materials industry. Only 5% of chemical industry input is biological. ● A better use of Biotechnological processes in industry and energy sector could reduce GHG emissions by up to 2.5 billion t CO2 per year. 1 ) Reducing dependence on fossil resources and addressing climate change

Bioeconomy: what is at stake? The presentation shall neither be binding nor construed as constituting commitment by the European Commission ● According to International Energy Agency (IEA) 13 times less R&D funding goes to Bio-energy (inc biofuel) than to nuclear fission and fusion; and 4 times less than what was spent on fossil fuels research. ● Moving towards high valued added products has 4-5 times higher potential for job creation and revenue than the primary production. (see the attached scheme) ● 10% of agriculture and forest residues could cover 4-6 % of current transport need (IEA). ● 64% of world's enzyme production comes from EU. The paper and pulp industry and Bio- chemicals are also well established. ● Currently only 5% or 11 Mha of EU arable land is used for industrial crops, another 5% potentially available as unutilised land. Additional agricultural biomass could come from increased productivity as well as specific crops on marginal lands (fast growing willows etc). 2) Building competitive Bio-based industries in Europe

Bio-economy value chain on the example of CLIB2021 cluster in Germany Source: The Knowledge-Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) in Europe: Achievements and Challenges, Full Report, 14 September 2010

Bio-economy: what is at stake? The presentation shall neither be binding nor construed as constituting commitment by the European Commission ● Estimated 30-50% or up to 90 M tons of food in Europe goes to waste. ● Nitrate leakage from agricultural land causes eutrophication of marine waters and pollution of drinking water. In UK the denitrification of drinking water costs £ 19 million a year – bill paid by the consumers. Reduction of nitrate leakage in agriculture would be more cost- effective. ● With an annual turnover of 965 bn Euros and a positive trade balance, the EU food and drink industry is a major job and wealth provider. The growing global population and shift towards animal protein rich diets in many developing countries will significantly increase the demand for food. ● Based on various climate scenarios the agricultural productivity in most parts of Europe will increase by Due to the warmer and more unstable climate however, the risks of crops loss, pest and animal diseases grow (see the next map). ● Majority of European fish stocks are over exploited. In Europe aquaculture accounts for only 20% of the total fisheries production compared to 47% globally and Europe imports a large share of its consumed fish and seafood. 3) Increasing the resilience, sustainability and productivity of food chain

By 2025 By 2080 with + 2.5ºC By 2080 with + 5.4ºC Northerm Europe UK and Ireland Central Europe North 16-8 Central Europe South 75-3 Southerm Europe EU Agriculture: crop yield changes (%), compared to the period Agriculture: crop yield changes in 2025 scenario Climate change impact on crop productiviy in Europe Source: JRC Climate Change impacts in Europe. PESETA research project. 2009

Conversion of a variety of renewable raw materials (industrial crops agricultural and forestry residues, waste, etc)… © Novozymes …into a wide range of value added products using a “ cascading approach“. The Biorefinery Concept

The Bioeconomy… Promotes sustainable production of renewable resources from land and sea and their conversion into food, bio-based products, biofuels and bioenergy. Encompasses the sectors of agriculture, forestry, fisheries, aquaculture, food and pulp and paper, as well as parts of the chemical, biotechnological and energy industries. Provides and protects public goods, such as clean air and water, fertile and functioning soils, landscapes, sustainable marine ecosystems and biodiversity, and addresses social needs. Applies a wide array of sciences (e.g. life sciences, agronomy, ecology, forestry-, fisheries- and social sciences) and enabling and industrial technologies (e.g. biotechnology, nanotechnology and ICT) with local and tacit knowledge. Contributes to addressing major societal challenges (e.g. food security, climate change, limited natural resources), economic growth and job creation.

INVESTMENTS IN RESEARCH, INNOVATION AND SKILLS  Ensure substantial EU and national funding for bioeconomy and innovation  Increase the share of multi-disciplinary and cross-sectoral research and innovation  Promote the uptake and diffusion of innovation in bioeconomy sectors; create feedback mechanisms on regulation and policy  Build the human capacity required to support growth and integration of bioeconomy sectors Stakeholders EU Institutions International organisations Member States REINFORCED POLICY INTERACTION AND STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT  Create a Bioeconomy Panel to enhance synergies and coherence between policies; foster participation of researchers, end-users, policy- makers and civil society  Establish a Bioeconomy Observatory and develop forward-looking and modelling tools  Support the development of regional and national bioeconomy strategies  Develop international cooperation to jointly address global challenges (e.g. food security, climate change) ENHANCEMENT OF MARKETS AND COMPETITIVENESS IN BIOECONOMY SECTORS  Provide the knowledge-base for sustainable intensification of primary production;  Promote the setting up of networks for integrated and diversified biorefineries; establish a PPP for bio-based industries  Support expansion of new markets; facilitate green procurement for bio-based products  Develop science-based approaches to inform consumers about product properties The Bioeconomy Strategy and Action Plan