Towards an Urban America An Industrial Society
Important Individuals Alexander Graham Bell- telephone Henry Ford- autos and assembly line Thomas Edison- light bulb Jane Addams-Hull House in Chicago Andrew Carnegie- steel J.D. Rockefeller- oil Cornelius Vanderbilt- railroads
Society Immigrants- worked in factories Urban life- ghettos, tenements, overcrowded Settlement houses- community center in the slums Discrimination- women, children and minorities
Working conditions during Industrialization Sweat shops- making garments for low wages Child labor- as young as 5 years old worked in factories Long hours- no laws on number of hours worked Unsafe working conditions-workers safety was not a concern Low wages- Average of $3.00 a week
Living Conditions in urban areas Tenements-unsanitary and cramped conditions Ghettos-terrible housing conditions in cities Political machines- politicians that were greedy and untruthful (offered jobs and housing to immigrants- which was against the law)
Reasons for Urban Growth Migration of African Americans to Northern cities ( for jobs) Immigration (for jobs) Industrialization (created jobs) Rural to urban migration (country to city)
Sweatshops
Location of Key Industries New England (New York)= textiles Detroit= automobiles (Henry Ford) Pittsburgh= steel (Andrew Carnegie) Chicago= meat packing (Upton Sinclair wrote THE JUNGLE)
Factors that supported industrial development Natural resources (iron ore, copper, lead) Transportation networks (railroads) Inventions (telephone, light bulb) Workers (Immigrants, child labor) Access to energy resources Financial resources $$$$
Methods to improve working conditions UNIONS *Knights of Labor *American Federation of Labor- (AFL) STRIKES *Homestead Strike- Carnegie Steel *Pullman Strike- railroads
Growth of big business Lower production costs (assembly line) Consumer goods available (mail order) Advertising National markets Corporations
Increased Immigration Better opportunities Religious freedom Escape from oppressive government adventure
Contributions of Immigrants Source of labor Food Language- new words Customs Religious diversity Farming methods Discrimination of Chinese and Irish
How native-born Americans treated immigrants Nativist movement (born in US is better) Chinese Exclusion Act ( No Chinese allowed) Gentleman’s Agreement with Japan ( No Japanese allowed) Barriers to education and employment
Name the state! Pittsburgh*New Orleans St. Louis*San Antonio Chicago *Atlanta Philadelphia*Detroit Salt Lake City*San Francisco Boston*Santa Fe Seattle *Denver Los Angeles