The Organization of Living Things

RARE HOG Reproduction - Organisms reproduce to ensure diversity and keep species going Adaptation - Camouflage, Fur, Speed, Agility Response to Stimuli – Go under a rock to remain cool Energy Usage – Eating food Homeostasis – Sweating; things moving in and out of cells Organized by Cells – humans are made of multiple cells Growth and Development – An embryo grows and the cells work together to become more complex tissues

Organization Atoms Molecules Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organism

Atoms

Molecules

Atoms, Molecules, Compounds Atom – small unit that makes up all living and non – living things ( Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen) Molecule – More than one atom (can be the same) (Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water) Compound – More than on atom (different atoms) (Water, Salts, Carbohydrates)

Molecules That Make Up Cells 1. Water Water is one of the most important molecules in your body. Water makes up about 2/3 of your body and plays many important roles in cells.

Molecules That Make Up Cells Because of the way the hydrogen and oxygen come together to make water, the molecule has a charge. When something has a charge, it is called polar. Water Is polar. Anything that is polar will dissolve in water. Anything non polar will not dissolve in water

Things that dissolve in water are called hydrophilic. Things that do not dissolve in water (repel water) are called hydrophobic.

Molecules That Make Up Cells 2. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are molecules made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Sugars and starches are carbohydrates. Carbohydrates store energy.

Molecules That Make Up Cells 3. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are very long molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorous. Nucleic Acids store important information for the cell. 2 main kinds:DNA and RNA – DNA directs cell activities. – RNA is the directions to make proteins

Molecules That Make Up Cells 4. Lipids Lipids are made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen. Fats, oils and waxes are all lipids, and they do not mix with water. Your cells use lipids to make membranes and store e energy.

Molecules That Make Up Cells 5. Proteins Proteins are one of the most important molecules in your cells. They aid in cell structure, form different cell parts, and perform many important functions for the cell.

Molecules That Make Up Cells 5. Proteins Proteins are made of long chains of carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen. Because of the complex way these chains fold up, a protein may have one part that dissolves in water, while another part of the same protein does not dissolve.

The Food You Eat Think of the food as the building blocks. Each molecule of food is broken down by the digestive system and later re-arranged by each cell to build stuff your cells need.

Cells Nerve, Fat, Blood, Bone

Tissues Bone Muscle Skin

Organs Heart Brain Bone Lungs

Organ System NervousMuscularCirculatorySkeletal

Organism

Muscular Maintains posture and produces movement (locomotion). Produces heat. (skeletal muscles)

Digestive – Breaks down food to be absorbed and eliminates indigestible waste. – (oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus)

Circulatory/Cardivascular The heart pumps blood and blood vessels transport it. Blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and more throughout the body. (heart, blood vessels)

Respiratory Removes carbon dioxide and continually supplies blood with oxygen. Gaseous exchanges occur in the respiratory system (lungs). (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, lung)

Urinary Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates acid-base, electrolyte and WATER balance of blood. (kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra)

Nervous Control system of the body, responds to internal and external changes, activates muscles and glands. (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

Skeletal Supports and protects the body’s organs. Provides a framework muscles use (movement). Bones also store minerals and create blood cells. (bones, joints)

Reproductive The main function of the reproductive system is to produce offspring. Sex hormone and sperm are produced by the male testes. Male ducts and glands help deliver the sperm. Ovaries produce female sex hormones and eggs. Other female reproductive structures serve as sites of fertilization and development. For instance, the mammary glands produce milk for the newborn. MALE (prostate gland, penis, testis, scrotum, ductus deferens) FEMALE (Mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, uterine tube)

Integumentary Forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury. Houses cutaneous receptors, sweat glands, oil glands, and synthesizes vitamin D. (skin, hair, nails)