Human Regulation Endocrine System

There are no specialized cells, glands or hormones that the five (5) representative organisms have. Animals, however, do have specialized cells solely for the production of hormones. The endocrine glands, located in various parts of the body, and their hormones, make up the endocrine system. Nervous and Endocrine System Movie Clip!! How the Endocrine System and Nervous System Work Together Movie Clip!! Intro to the Endocrine System Movie Clip!!

Hormones are transported by the circulatory system and affect various tissues or “target” organs. Hormones released by cells in glands enter blood stream Hormones exit bloodstream and attach to the cell receptors of target organs How hormones maintain a delicate balance movie clip!! How hormones work in the body movie clip!! Blood Vessel

The hormones fit into the receptors and tell the cell to do something very specific. Remember the cell receptor lab? Hormones interact and exert control on metabolic activities such as metamorphosis and reproduction. Hormones

The hypothalamus is a small region of the brain. Although it is part of the nervous system, it also plays a role in endocrine function. It produces releasing hormones which influence the pituitary gland. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland movie clip!!

The pituitary gland is the “master gland” of the body. It is located at the base of the brain and secretes numerous stimulating hormones.

Examples of hormones produced from Pituitary Gland 1.Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Effects of Hormones 2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) 3.Growth Hormone (GH) Tells the THYROID GLAND to secrete the hormone THYROXIN Tells the ovaries to mature an egg in the follicle and the testes to create sperm cells Tells the long bones in the body to grow

The thyroid gland is located in the neck, produces thyroxin which contains iodine. Thyroxin regulates the rate of metabolism in the body and is essential for normal physical and mental development Goiter – The thyroid gland swells if there is not enough iodine in the diet!

The parathyroid gland, are patches of tissue embedded in the thyroid gland produce and secrete the hormone parathyroid hormone. This controls the metabolism of calcium which is necessary for nerve function, blood clotting and proper growth of teeth and bone.

The adrenal glands are two (2) small glands located on top of the kidneys. There are two (2) distinct regions in each gland which produces different hormones. The outer portion of the gland is the adrenal cortex, and the inner mass is the adrenal medulla.

The adrenal cortex secretes two (2) types of steroid hormones. One promotes the conversion of body fat and proteins into sugars. The other type promotes the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions by the kidney tubules onto the blood stream. This affects the water balance and helps maintain blood pressure. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline in times of emergencies. Adrenaline increases the blood sugar level and accelerates the heart and breathing rates.

The Islets of Langerhans are cells located in the pancreas. They secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin facilitates the entrance of glucose into the cells. It lowers blood sugar levels by promoting the movement of sugar from the blood into the liver and muscles where it is stored as glycogen. Glucagon stimulates the release of sugar from the liver and raises the blood sugar level. Islets of Langerhans Pancreas/Insulin Movie Clip!!

Gonads are sex glands of the human. Testes, the male gland, secrete testosterone which influences the development of the male sex characteristics Ovaries and Testes Movie Clip!! Role of Hormones throughout the Human Life Movie Clip!!

In the female, ovaries are responsible for the secretion of several hormones. One of these ovarian hormones is estrogen which influences the development of female sex characterostics.

A type of self-regulation, known as positive or negative feedback, is associated with endocrine regulation. This mechanism operates on the principle that the level of one hormone in the blood stimulate or inhibit the production of another hormone. How hormones affect daily life and moods movie clip!! How the Thermostat in your house works…Negative Feedback!