Sanitation is more important than independence He made cleanliness and sanitation an integral part of the Gandhian way of living. His dream was sanitation for all.

“ As an individual I could do nothing. As a group we could find a way to solve each other’s problems”

Decentralized Planning & Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Er. Abhaya Kumar Biswal SE, RWS&S, Bhubaneswar Circle & CEO, WSSO

What is Planning ? Taking decision for future action with pre-determined objectives, optimum use of available resources and in specified time period

Decentralized Planning Decentralization is the transfer of power and authority from the central/state government to the local level government Decentralized Planning Lower units are given authority to formulate its own targets and evolve strategies Authority to mobilize resources and reallocate resources Lower units participate with higher units in planning on more equal terms

Odisha loses Rs Crore every year due to open defecation says World Bank Report A person practicing open defecation spends 25 days in a year to find a private place resulting loss of productive time One persons defecates 250 gms /day – per year 90 Kgs One Family (5 members) : 450 Kgs X I Crore Virus /gm: Crore Virus in open air 60 Crore Open defecation : 60 X 90 Kgs x 1 Cr/gm : Crore Virus

Health Impact – Inadequate Sanitation in India 7 1,16,000 Crore Source: World Bank Report 2009

Annual Economic Impact India : Annual Economic Impact due to inadequate sanitation Rs. 2,40,000 Cr Monetary LossRs. 36,400 Cr Annual Impact per capita impact Rs. 2,180 Source: World Bank Report 2009

Sanitation Promotion in India 1951 RWS investments - First Five Year Plan Minimum Needs Program Transfer of RWS from Min. of UD to RD 1985 National Drinking Water Mission ’s WATSAN DECADE rd Constitutional Amendments- decentralisation 1999 Sector Reform Program (67 Districts) / Total Sanitation Campaign 1954 Rural Sanitation Programme (GoI) CRSP, 20-point program Inclusion of rural SAN in MNP Nirmal Gram Puraskar 2005 Coverage Sustainability 2011 Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation 2012 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan, increased allocation Swachh Bharat Mission 2014 Traditional Development Approach Participatory Donor funded programs involving participatory approaches

Rural Sanitation Programs in India ProgramIncentiveApproach / Outcome CRSP ( )Supply driven, infrastructure oriented, high level of subsidy for latrine construction, low financial allocations, behaviour change aspect not addressed, very low growth during 1990 to 2000 (1%), very low impact, Odisha Coverage (Census, 2001) : 8% Total Sanitation Campaign ( ) 500, 1200, 2200, 3200, 4600 Focus on Awareness Generation, Community Led, Demand Driven Approach, also included SLWM, included personal and environmental hygiene, also included school and anganwadi sanitation, In 2003 Nirmal Gram Puraskar for Panchayati Raj Institutions introduced. Odisha coverage : 51%, NGPs: 284 Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan ( ) TSC renamed as Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan. Fiscal incentive for household latrine extended to IAPL households from existing BPL HH. Community led and saturation approach, program linked with MGNREGS, Incentive amount Rs Swachh Bharat Mission (2014 onwards) 12000Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan restructured with target to make India ODF by 2019

Lessons Learnt Without community participation and acceptance by household adoption an use of toilet is questionable Community Participation is Non Negotiable for Rural Sanitation Program - SBM Lack of sanitation facilities is not always due to lack of resources for families but deep rooted behavior & lack of priority of household for toilets. Hence need of creating demand through awareness and IEC. Focus should be on all aspects of sanitation rather than mere construction of toilet. Community action can bring sustainable change in individual behavior. Focus on Village as a unit rather than on Individuals.

Odisha Challenge 2019  Household without toilets as per Baseline Survey : 76 Lakh approx  Non Functional / Broken Toilets : 4.75 Lakh  Time Period: 5 Years  Project Outlay : Rs Crore

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Swachh Bharat Mission launched on 2 nd Oct, 2014 by Hon’ble PM. Objectives – To make India Open Defecation Free (ODF) India by 2019, by providing access to toilet facilities to all; – To provide toilets, separately for Boys and Girls in all schools by ; – To provide toilets to all Anganwadis; – Villages to be kept clean with Solid and Liquid Waste Management

Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) SBM aims to end – Open Defecation – Open Urination – Solid & Liquid Waste Management (Also includes animal excreta)

Provisions under Swachh Bharat Mission ComponentFeatures Incentive IHHLAll APLs belonging to all SCs/STs, Small and Marginal Farmers, Landless Laborers with Homestead, Physically Handicapped and Women Headed Households, and all BPLs, Individuals benefited from housing schemes (IAY, Mo Kudia etc.) Enhanced IHL Incentive IHL incentive is enhanced from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 12,000. Additional Rs is for Water Supply provision Convergence with MGNREGS Discontinue the part funding from MGNREGA Community Sanitary Complexes CSC to be Rs lakhs at a sharing ration of 60:30:10. Such Complexes can be made at public places, markets, bus stands etc., where large congregation of people takes place. Community/ GP owns up the responsibility of their O & M. Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM Rs. 7/12/15/20 lakh to be applicable for Gram Panchayats having up to 150/300/500/ more than 500 households on a Centre and State/GP sharing ratio of 75:25. Additional cost requirements to be met by State/GP.

Provisions under Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) Emphasis on behavior change communication / participatory tools Triggering ‘Behaviour change’ by intensifying IEC campaign and Inter Personal Communication (IPC). Outputs (Construction) and Outcomes (Usage) will be monitored.

The 73rd Constitution Amendment makes provision for assigning the responsibility of providing drinking water to the Panchayat Raj Institutions through local planning, effective implementation and monitoring of programmes.

SBM Delivery Structure through Decentralised Planning Centre Government of India Funding, technical support, M&E, training and inter-sectoral coordination StateState Government Funding, technical support, development of state action plan, inter-sectoral coordination, training, M&E District Zila Panchayat – DWSM Facilitate and support overall implementation, development of action plan, inter-sectoral coordination, training, M&E BlockPanchayat Samiti Institution building (e.g., GPs, Watsan committee), facilitate supply chains, hygiene education, monitoring Village Gram Panchayat (Motivators) Community Institution building, mobilisation, facilitate construction of hardware, hygiene education, monitoring, O&M

Components of DecentralizationDecentralization Planning in SBM Functional Decentralization Identification of areas which come under decentralized plan Identification of Gram Panchayats / villages in a democratic process with discussion with GPs. GPs finalize areas of intervention Financial Decentralization Provision for Budget preparation at lower level Govt incentive transferred to Gram Panchayats based on budegt prepared by GPs. GPs mobilise community contribution and other resources as per (through CLTS Method) need Administrative Decentralization Authority with responsibility meant for planning for implementation GPs plan for implementation modality, community procurement through procurement committee, vigilance committee for monitoring (VWSC /GKS) Democratic Decentralization Ensuring peoples participation in development program Palli Sabha / Gram Sabha organised for 100% consensus for ODF taking care of equity, gender. Baseline Survey (Revision allowed till 30 th June2015), Construction of toilets pnly by the community

Institutional Arrangement DWSM (Collector & CEO,) BLOCK RESOURCE CENTRE GRAM PANCHAYAT GPLF /VWSC/GKS HOUSEHOLD SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SANITATION MOTIVATOR OLM / NRHM

Creating Demand & Supply Capacity Building : Participatory Approaches Behavior Change Communication Sanitation Supply Chain Facilitator Triggering Community Ignition Mass Media Community Events Household Visits NGOs / Suppliers Construction & Sanitation Materials

SBM : FOCUSSED APPROACH COMPONENTPROCESSACTION POINTS BY DWSM CATALYZINGStrategyFocus on collective behavior change to use toilets rather than practice open Defecation InstitutionsDedicated staff appointed and efforts made to strengthen capacity at district and sub-district levels to implement the rural sanitation campaign FinanceFunding used for both short- and long term goals; households motivated to invest own funds IMPLEMENTINGDemand Creation All Information, Education and Communication (IEC) channels used effectively; focus on behavior change SupplyMenu of technology options, market creation, ensuring adequate and timely supply Scaling upPhased implementation in geographic and thematic terms, e.g., move from open defecation free (ODF) to total environmental Sanitation

SBM : FOCUSSED APPROACH COMPONENTPROCESSACTION POINTS BY DWSM S USTAININGSubsidy Delivery Subsidy is NOT used to construct toilets without commensurate efforts at demand creation MonitoringFocus on outcomes / ODF only instead of toilets constructed and budget spent RewardsInstitute competition-based awards, monetary and non-monetary prizes and honors to prioritize sanitation

Panchayati Raj Institutions take the lead Panchayats have a pivotal role in the implementation of sanitation programme. PRIs can carry out the social mobilization for the construction of toilets and also maintain the clean environment by way of safe disposal of wastes. PRIs are custodian of the assets such as the Community Complexes, environmental components, drainage etc. created under any sanitation linked scheme. Provisions of various incentives shall also be available at the community level through award schemes like Nirmal Gram Puraskar, Panchayats must also play a role in the monitoring of the sanitation status.

Panchayati Raj Institutions take the lead Both Block and District level PRIs may also regularly monitor the implementation, scale up and long term sustainability of the intervention Facilitating the delivery of sanitation outcomes, which has to go through a process of developing the social capital of the village. GPs are ideally placed to promote total sanitation in order to ensure public benefits and well suited to address the issue of scaling up due to their outreach. In a good position to undertake or facilitate the long- term monitoring and support of rural sanitation services to ensure sustainability.

Human Resource Support for SBM: District & Sub District Level Direct Resource 34 Executive Engineers, RWS&S 84 Asst. Executive Engineers / Dy. Exec. Enginers, RWS&S 314 Junior Engineers / Asst. Engineer–I, RWS&S 314 Junior Engineers –II, RWS&S 120 District Consultants 314 Block Coordinators (Under Process) 314 Cluster Coordinators (Under Process) 8000 SEMs 6234 Swachta Doots / CLTS Motivators Supported by PRI Members, SHG Members, ASHA, AWW, NGOs, Agencies

Supply Chain Management – BricksRural PansMasons & Un Skilled Labour /day State Total135 Crore18,74, Toilets Per Day: 3300/day Special Note: Use of local materials should be given priority always. So also the materials available with the household.

Supply Chain Management : Toilet Construction Construction by Household Facilitated by Support Organisation Community Approach Model Eligible household may construct his /her latrine of their own with support from any sanitary ware supplier / NGO etc. Household is directly reimbursed with IHL incentive of Rs /-. In this case the SO manufactures supplies and installs household toilets. All the sanitary ware procurement is undertaken by SO / SHGs. The incentive is reimbursed to SO by GP Community decides on method of construction, procurement etc. MOST PREFERRED Supply and installation of household latrines may be under taken in either of the ways.

Implementation Strategy contd. Target the community rather than individuals – Focus on achieving community outcomes, such as making entire villages, Gram Panchayats, and Blocks ODF, rather than encouraging individual outputs, such as the construction of household toilets. – Behavior change is influenced to a greater extent by community norms than by individual preferences. – Targeting the community as a whole also creates a social pressure among its members, motivating all people to construct and use toilets.

Implementation Strategy contd. Community-led approach – Campaign would be successful only insofar as it was community-led. – CLTS triggering leads to immediate and collective action – Target population’s expectation of subsidies can seriously undermine this approach. – SBM incentive would be provided only to those households that constructed their toilets themselves. – Will prompt the community to act immediately after triggering rather than waiting for government support in undertaking construction and embracing behavior change.

Implementation Strategy contd. No contractors or agencies to be hired to construct the toilets. Toilets are to be constructed by the users themselves, according to their individual preferences and by investing their own efforts and resources. IHL Incentives under SBM to be transferred to GP / Community Account in phases NGOs/ CSOs will support community in social mobilisation/ triggering and facilitate availability of construction materials IHL Incentives under SBM to be transferred to GP / Community Account in phases Communication activities are non-negotiable in any village before undertaking hardware activities.

Standard Working Procedure I.Base Line Survey (BLS) of villages to be published in concerned GP offices. II.Beneficiary list should be finalized by the concerned EEs, RW&S within a week. III.Sufficient application forms shall be available in GP offices / JE-IIs/ Blocks/ DWSM for wide circulation among the beneficiaries. IV.Status of BLS is final after screening in GP. V.For taking of work in saturation mode Panchayat Samiti after consulting RWS&S officials should select 1/5 th nos of GPs per year for ODF. VI.Construction of IHHL should be completed either by Individual/ SHG/Community/Yubak Sangha within 15 days. VII.Rural Pan will be made available at Block Rs.250/- with P-trap & footrest. VIII.Balance material arrangement should be done by community/ SHG/ Yubak Sangha/Individual. IX.BC & CC/ JE-IIs are to supplement the material availability and monitor the work. X.Mason training by DWSM as per requirement XI.All CLTS training motivators should be engaged in the selected GPs.

Mode of payment Photo uploading with latitude and longitude & bill should be submitted by BC & CC within 3 days to JE-II/ JE-I JE-II/JE-I to check the toilet. 100% within 4 days AEE of RWSS/Block will check randomly 10% within 4 days. BDO/EE to pay within 4 days through online transfer/ check payment. There will be one account at District level with joint signature of Member Secretary, DWSC and Collector cum District Magistrate (Chairman, DWSC) As per decision of Chairman, DWSC Member Secretary, DWSC/BDO will release incentives. BDO’s signature will be attested and they will be allowed to issue cheques only against completed IHHLs. Weekly report will be submitted by Member Secretary, DWSC/BDOs to the Collector cum D.M. for verification. Member Secretary, DWSM will ensure timely entry of Cash Book and submit the cash book to the Chairman, DWSC by 5 th of next month. The entire process from date of construction to date of payment should be within one month.

Periodic / Monthly review of the program at GP / Block / District levels Inter-Block / GP verification of ODF Status : 10% by inter- GPs and 2% by inter-districts Community Monitoring & Social Audit Will serve as a third-party verification of ODF claims, Provide opportunity for exposure visits Monitor nothing but the number of ODF villages Monitoring Board at Collector / EE, RWS&S, / BDO Office with all GPs and highlighting those of ODF GPs in Green Monitoring Mechanism

Program Monitoring Mechanism State & District Monitoring Unit to be made functional. Third Party Inspection by State Sponsored Agencies / Institutions / Independent Evaluators Review Meetings – Monthly Review Meeting at DWSM, – Bi-Monthly Review Meeting at SWSM, – Quarterly Review Meeting by Governing Body Out of Administrative Cost (2%)

Policy Support by RD Deptt. Engagement of CLTS Motivators in Gram 4 Nos / GP with outcome based incentive mechanism. DWSMs to engage these resources. Identification of vendor for supply of rural ceramic pans across the districts for Rs. 250/-. Release of advance money (20:40:40) in case Community Procurement & Construction under CLTS Saturation Approach Additional IEC & S&H Consultants for each eight Blocks. Model standard estimate for IHL construction 4 nos of IHL Application Forms Developed to expedite SBM (Available with JE-II & GP Office) Beneficiary Eligibility as per SBM Baseline Survey 2014 data Financial dele gation to Executive Engineer, RWS&S in case of districts with two divisions

Miles to go before we sleep A promise to make Odisha ODF by 2019