Ch. 9 Oregon Country 1819-1846

Current Issues United States and Canada Border p. 188 The U.S. and Canada share the longest demilitarized border in the world. Major trading partners (500 billion+) 1999-Ressam (Al-Qaeda) passing through to Port Angeles. September 11, 2001 Issue: Tougher border restrictions vs. importance of economic relationship

Oregon Country: Land 1542 - 1872 Treaties San Juan Islands? Spain, Great Britain, Russia, and the U.S. wanted political and economic control. But who had the rights? Treaties Spain dropped claims in 1819 Russia dropped claims in 1824 Treaty of Oregon Country (1846) will peacefully settle the territorial claims between Great Britain and the U.S. San Juan Islands? 1872 Pig War Dispute

Spanish Claims Loss of Claims Gave up claims in Oregon Coutnry in 1819 1st to Oregon Line of Demarcation Loss of Claims Only explored the coast and therefore did not discover many important landmarks Gave up claims in Oregon Coutnry in 1819 Adams-Ones Treaty--42nd parallel (Mexico)

Russian Claims Russia attempts to make greater claims! Monroe Doctrine Only claim land if you are already there Great Britain backed up President Monroe Russia gave up claims in 1824 Alaska 1867: Russia sold Alaska to the U.S. for $7.2 million

America Explored the Interior of the Oregon Country Robert Gray: Mouth of the Columbia Lewis and Clark (1804-1806) Permanent settlements at Ft. Astoria and Ft. Okanogan Now had strong claims to the territory

Britain Extensive Exploration in Northern Oregon Country George Vancouver’s expeditions Also had many permanent settlements in the area

Border Control Treaty of Ghent Treaty of Ghent: Ended the War of 1812 between US and Great Britain Treaty of Ghent: Established international boundary: 49th parallel Convention of 1818 (result of Treaty of Ghent) Oregon Country jointly occupied for ten years Problem in HOW to divide not WHO should get it.

Ch. 9 Part I End Monday Notes End Begin working on Ch. 9-12 Book WS (individually)

Propositions US Britain (Canada in 1867) 49th parallel extended Included southern tip of Vancouver Island Britain (Canada in 1867) Columbia River N and W of Columbia River

Settling the Dispute Treaty of Oregon (1846) Necessary because of influx of settlers. Britain kept all of Vancouver Island, but 49th parallel extended. “Treaty of Oregon was signed in London, setting the boundary on the 49thparallel, from the Rocky Mountains "to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island” then south through the channel to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and west to the Pacific Ocean.” Oregon Country…political and economic claims settled!?

“…to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island” then south through the channel to the Strait of Juan de Fuca and west to the Pacific Ocean”

The San Juan Debate Who owns the San Juans? What Strait established the international border? Haro Strait (America) Rosario Strait (British) Pig War Lyman Cutler (American) shot and killed a pig belonging to Charles Griffin (British) So, who was to settle this dispute? America? Britain? Military occupation on Friday Harbor 1860-1872 Settled by Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany Haro Strait!! But, U.S. paid British $650,000

Haro vs. Rosario

The Border: Friendly! Are the lines drawn fairly for the Canadian/U.S. Border? Why/why not? If you believe they should be changed, how would you change them?

Chapter 10: Indian Wars 1847-1877

1847-1877 (30 Years) Start: End What happened in 1847? Sparked by Whitman Massacre End What happened in 1877? Nez Perce Retreat (Chief Joseph)

Conflict Land takeover without fair compensation Diseases Forced removal Forced reservations Diseases Cultural differences: Language Changing ways of Natives Religious differences

Conflict, cont. Disagreement of fishing/hunting/water rights Competition for food Differences in government Decision making & Authority

Major Wars 1846: Treaty of Oregon—Extending 49th Parallel 1847-1850: Cayuse War (Whitman Massacre) 1856-1858: Yakama Wars Yakama vs. Settlers & American government. These wars were so violent that the region was closed to settlement. This played a large role in the delay of Washington gaining Statehood

Wars, cont. 1859-1872: Pig War 1877: Nez Perce Retreat Nez Perce were the friendliest and largest tribe Aided Lewis and Clark Protected Spaldings during Cayuse Wars Protected Governor Isaac Stevens during Cayuse and Yakama wars. 1877: General Howard forcefully removed them to the Lapwai reservation

Ch. 11 Washington State Government Timeline

1542-1846 1542-1819 Spain’s Political Claims to Oregon Country 1792-1846 U.S.’s claims to Oregon Country 1721-1824 Russia’s Claims to Oregon Country 1578-1846 Great Britain’s Claims to Oregon Country 1542-1819 Spain’s Political Claims to Oregon Country 1542-1819 Spain laid political claims to Oregon Country 1578-1846 Great Britain laid political claims to Oregon Country 1721-1824 Russia laid claims to Oregon Country 1792-1846 U.S. laid claims to Oregon Country

Territory Timeline: 1846-1889 1846: Treaty of Oregon establishes 49th parallel as international boundary in Pacific Northwest 1848(-1859): Oregon Country becomes a Territory 1859: Oregon becomes 33rd State 1889: Washington Admitted as 42nd state 1853-1889: Washington breaks from Oregon Territory to become Washington Territory

1848(-1859): Oregon becomes a Territory 1889: Washington Admitted as 42nd state Why did it take 36 years!? *Law said to become a state you needed a population of 125,00. Why was WA’s population so low? *Indian Conflict *No Transcontinental Railroad: difficult for people to get there 1853-1889: Washington breaks from Oregon Territory to become Washington Territory Why? *Population *Different political needs *Capital too far away