Key Issue # 4 – Why Do Folk and Popular Culture Face Sustainability Challenges? The Age of Globalization increases interaction between folk and popular cultures – “Crash Course Globalization Part I” Is Globalization good or bad? Economic “Globalization”– transnational / multinational corporations connect raw materials to producers to consumers across the globe Positive outcomes of Economic Globalization Job creation in developing countries Rising standard of living in developing countries Global “flattening” – growing middle class Access to more raw materials and cheaper manufactured goods Economic dependence between countries promotes peaceful political relations

Is Globalization good or bad? Crash Course Globalization Part II Negative outcomes of Cultural Globalization Threat to sustainability of Folk Culture Loss of Traditional Values – popular culture is an enemy of cultural traditions The Amish: Preserving Cultural Identity A threatened culture (long version) (Breaking Amish) Marriage in India: Challenging Cultural Values Change in Traditional Role of Women in Traditional Countries Arranged marriages and dowries (India, Africa) Child Brides The Taliban Malala Yousafzai Jon Stewart and Malala Diffusion of popular culture improves the lives of women, but…9/11 folk cultures are “endangered”…and some of them are fighting back

Relocation Diffusion of the Amish WHY?

Cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting a more powerful culture over a least known or desirable culture. It is usually the case that the former belongs to a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter belongs to a smaller, less powerful one. Cultural imperialism can take the form of an active, formal policy or a general attitude. A metaphor of colonialism is employed: the cultural products of the first world "invade" the third-world and "conquer" local culture.[1] back

Sustainability Challenges for Popular Culture Environmental Impact of Popular Culture Pollution of the landscape Depletion of scarce natural resources Landscape pollution Global diffusion of Uniform Landscapes; Why? Fast-food Restaurants, gas stations McDonaldsization Diffusion of Golf: folk or popular? Negative Environmental Impact Increased Demand for Natural Resources Pollution

Uniform Landscape: Product recognition back

Golf Courses

Pinehurst #2 Makeover

U.S. Open 2015 – Chambers Bay, WA “The Sustainability of Chambers Bay”