1. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

2. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Influence of the physical environment –Folk culture = close connection to the environment Most folk cultures are rural and agricultural –Clothing is often tied to environmental conditions »Example: Wooden clogs in the Netherlands Folk cultures can ignore environmental conditions

3. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Influence of the physical environment –Food preferences and the environment Food preferences are adapted to the environment –Example: In Asia, rice is grown in milder, wetter environments whereas wheat is grown in colder, drier environments Food taboos may be especially strong –People avoid certain foods because of negative associations with that food Terroir = the sum effects of the local environment on a particular food item

4. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Istanbul Vegetable Garden Figure 4-6

5. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Swine Stock Figure 4-8

6. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Influence of the physical environment –Folk housing and the environment Housing = a reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion, function, and the physical environment Two most common building materials = wood and brick Minor differences in the environment can produce very different house styles

7. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. House Types in Four Western Chinese Communities Figure 4-9

8. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Folk Culture Clustered? Isolation promotes cultural diversity –Examples: Himalayan art Beliefs and folk house forms –Sacred spaces –U.S. folk housing

9. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Hearths of House Types Figure 4-12

10. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Popular Culture Widely Distributed? Diffusion of popular housing, clothing, and food –Popular culture varies more in time than place Food customs: consumption of large quantities of snack foods and alcohol Clothing styles: reflect occupation rather than environment Housing: reflects fashion trends since the 1940s in the United States

11. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Consumption of Canadian Whiskey and Tequila Figure 4-14

12. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. House Types (1945–1990) Figure 4-16

13. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Is Popular Culture Widely Distributed? Electronic diffusion of popular culture –Watching television The most popular leisure activity in MDCs Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world = 50 years –The Internet Diffusion from the United States to the rest of the world = 10 years

14. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Diffusion of TV Figure 4-18

15. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Diffusion of Facebook Figure 4-21

16. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Popular Culture Cause Problems? Threats to folk culture –Loss of traditional values –Media imperialism –Satellites Limit to government control of information

17. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Why Does Popular Culture Cause Problems? Environmental impact of popular culture –Modifying nature Golf courses Uniform landscapes –Negative impacts Increased demand for natural resources Pollution

18. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Golf Courses Figure 4-24

19. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. The End. Up next: Language