Texture The look and feel of the rocks surface, includes grain, crystals, and pattern

Coarse Grain Grain is easily visible. Can indicate slow cooling

Fine Grain Grain is not easily visible or there is no grain. Can indicate SLOW cooling

Sediment Small pieces of material from rocks or living things, sand, pebbles, dirt, etc

Depositon Sediment settles out of water or wind carrying it and is deposited in layers that eventually will form rock

Compaction The process that presses sediment together

Cementation Dissolved minerals recrystallize and cement together, forming sediment into a rock

Clastic Rock A rock made from rock fragments ‘squeezed’ together. Examples include sandstone, shale, and conglomerate

Organic Rock Made from thick layers of remains of plants and animals. Examples include coal and limestone

Chemical Rocks Forms when minerals dissolved in solution crystalize. Examples include halite and gypsum

Igneous Rock Rock that forms when magma/lava cools

Intrusive Igneous rock that forms inside the earth - Cools slowly - Large Crystals (coarse grain) - EX: Granite

Extrusive Igneous rock that cools on the surface of the Earth - Cools quickly - Forms small crystals (fine grain) - EX: Basalt or Obsidian

Metamorphic Rock Metamorphic means – CHANGE FORM, metamorphic rock occurs when any type of rock is changed by HEAT and PRESSURE

Folliation Has thin layers of alligned minerals. Can look like ‘stripes’. Indicates metamorphic rock