Origins of the Cold War
I. Origins 1.Stalin refuses free elections 2.“Satellite” Nations 3.Violation of war conference agreements 4.March 1946, Churchill says, “Iron curtain has descended across Europe.”
II. Containment 1.Contain communism 2.Truman Doctrine-Stop the spread of communism
III. Marshall Plan 1.$3 billion; over 4 yrs. 2.Rebuilding democratic govt’s
IV. Berlin and the Warsaw Pact 1.Stalin wants no part of capitalism cuts off E. Germ. from W. 2.Berlin Airlift 3.NATO 4.Warsaw Pact
Berlin and the Warsaw Pact (cont’d) 5.One-up each other arms race —USSR tests A-bomb —USA tests hydrogen bomb
V. National Security Act & NSC-68 1.Nat. Sec. Act, D.O.D 3.National Sec. Council 4.CIA 5.NSC-68 1.Use of troops to achieve containment
6. Special Operations—Green Berets
VI. Cold War: Asia 1.Chiang Kai-shek 2.Mao Zedong China becomes communist —Stalin + Mao= communist bloc
Korea 5. Korea 6.N.Korea communist cross 38 th parallel into S. 8.UN intervenes 9.“police action” not war 10. N.Koreans repelled 11. N.Korea pushed to Chinese border
Korea (cont’d) 12.UN pushed back across 38 th parallel 13.MacArthur critical removed from command —Stalemate still divided at 38 th parallel…to this day
VII. U2, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis —U2 spy plane (recon.) shot down 2.Since 1955, USA spying on USSR
Bay of Pigs —Castro takes control 4.Nationalizes US businesses—land reform 5.USA cuts off Cuba Castro looks to USSR 6.Ike approves plan to invade Cuba; but dies
Bay of Pigs —JFK pres. agrees to invade Cuba 8.Failure and embarrassment 9.Krushchev wants USA out of Berlin 10.JFK refuses 11.Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis 12. October 1962-Spy planes see nukes in Cuba 13. Threat goes from 30min. to 30sec. 14. JFK orders missiles removed 15. USSR; Castro say no 16. JFK orders naval blockade of Cuba 17.“Red Phone”
IX. Red Scare 1. Sen. (R)Joseph McCarthy 2. McCarthyism 3. Communist “witch hunt”
X. Americans & the Cold War 1.Fear of Hitler/Tojo fear of nuclear war 2.Americans need protection 3.Sputnik, 1957
Americans & the Cold War (cont’d) , Ike creates NASA 5.National Highway Act, Interstate freeways 2.42,000 miles 3.Quick evacuation 4.Emergency landing 5.Transport missiles