Macromolecules. Most Macromolecules are Made of Many Units There are 4 macromolecules of life There are 4 macromolecules of life Carbohydrates, Proteins,

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Presentation transcript:

Macromolecules

Most Macromolecules are Made of Many Units There are 4 macromolecules of life There are 4 macromolecules of life Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Lipids Most macromolecules are polymers Most macromolecules are polymers Individual pieces joined together to make polymers (poly = many, mer = units) Individual pieces joined together to make polymers (poly = many, mer = units) Individual pieces called monomers Individual pieces called monomers

Dehydration & Hydrolysis Dehydration: used to join together monomers Dehydration: used to join together monomers (“to take water away”)

Hydrolysis: used to break apart polymers Hydrolysis: used to break apart polymers (“hydro” = water; “lysis” = to split or break)

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are also known as “sugars” Carbohydrates are also known as “sugars” Mainly used for energy Mainly used for energy Monomer = monosaccharide Monomer = monosaccharide 2 pieces = disaccharide (di = two) 2 pieces = disaccharide (di = two) Many pieces = polysaccharides Many pieces = polysaccharides

Proteins Proteins are important in virtually everything an organism does Proteins are important in virtually everything an organism does Transport, structure, and metabolism Transport, structure, and metabolism Monomer = amino acid Monomer = amino acid Amino acids are joined to form proteins Amino acids are joined to form proteins

Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids, DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) and RNA (RiboNucleic Acid), store and transmit genetic information Nucleic acids, DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) and RNA (RiboNucleic Acid), store and transmit genetic information Monomer = nucleotide Monomer = nucleotide

Lipids Lipids are also known as fats Lipids are also known as fats Used for energy, insulation, cushioning and cell membranes Used for energy, insulation, cushioning and cell membranes Created from glycerol and fatty acids Created from glycerol and fatty acids

Saturated: all carbons Saturated: all carbons have single covalent bonds Unsaturated: at least Unsaturated: at least one double covalent bond

Phospholipids make up a cell’s membrane in a double layer Phospholipids make up a cell’s membrane in a double layer Head: hydrophilic Head: hydrophilic Tails: hydrophobic Tails: hydrophobic