Hog Unit 11 th -12 th Grade

Essential Questions 1. What are 5 breeds of hogs? 2. What is the proper terminology used in Hog Production.

Swine Facts 75% of all hogs are produced in the Corn Belt. 75% of all hogs are produced in the Corn Belt. 60% of hogs are raised in confinement. 60% of hogs are raised in confinement % of hogs are raised under contract % of hogs are raised under contract. Swine are the 2 nd largest livestock produced in the United States Swine are the 2 nd largest livestock produced in the United States 8 Major Breeds of Swine in the United States. 8 Major Breeds of Swine in the United States.

Swine Facts Litter Size: 7-15 pigs Litter Size: 7-15 pigs Birth Weight: lbs Birth Weight: lbs Weaned: 21 Days Weaned: 21 Days Sexual Maturity: 6-8 Months Sexual Maturity: 6-8 Months Gestation: 114 Days (3months, 3weeks, 3days) Gestation: 114 Days (3months, 3weeks, 3days) Ideal Number of Teats: 7 per side Ideal Number of Teats: 7 per side

Terminal Swine Breeds Used for: Used for: Fast Growth Fast Growth Feed Efficiency Feed Efficiency Durability Durability Leanness Leanness Always will be a Dark Breed of Swine Always will be a Dark Breed of Swine

Maternal Breeds Used for: Used for: Reproductive Ability Reproductive Ability Mothering Ability Mothering Ability Litter Size Litter Size Milking ability Milking ability Always a White Breed Always a White Breed

Swine States Top 6 leading states in Hog Production: Top 6 leading states in Hog Production: 1 st Iowa 2 nd Illinois 3 rd Indiana 4 th North Carolina 5 th Minnesota 6 th Nebraska

Top Swine Producing Countries Top 5 Swine Producing Countries. Top 5 Swine Producing Countries. 1. China 2. European Union 3. United States 4. Brazil 5. Canada

Swine Industry 1 st Meat Industry: Raised for their meat products. 2 nd Breeding Industry: Raised for Purebred operations

Piglets Piglets: Young swine or baby pigs. Piglets: Young swine or baby pigs.

Barrow Barrow: Male castrated at a young age. Barrow: Male castrated at a young age.

Gilt Gilt: Young female who has not had pigs. Gilt: Young female who has not had pigs.

Sow Sow: Older female who has had pigs. Sow: Older female who has had pigs.

Boar Boar: A male hog. Boar: A male hog.

Cull Sow Grown female sold for slaughter. Grown female sold for slaughter. Poor physical make up. Poor physical make up. Old Old

Runt Pig Small or weak pig in litter. Small or weak pig in litter.

Yield % of the carcass in 4 lean cuts. % of the carcass in 4 lean cuts.

Tail Docking Clipping the tail of the pigs when they are born. Clipping the tail of the pigs when they are born. Safety for the pigs so they will not eat each other. Safety for the pigs so they will not eat each other.

Needle Teeth Have 8 needle teeth when born. Have 8 needle teeth when born. Sharp and must be removed for safety of the pigs. Sharp and must be removed for safety of the pigs.

Farrowing Giving birth to pigs. Giving birth to pigs.

Parity Number of times a sow has given birth. Number of times a sow has given birth.

Parturition Act of giving birth. Act of giving birth.

Dystocia Slow or difficult labor or delivery. Slow or difficult labor or delivery.

Standing Heat Sow or Gilt is ready to be serviced. Sow or Gilt is ready to be serviced.

Lactation Yielding of milk by the mammary gland. Yielding of milk by the mammary gland.

Colostrum Milked secreted for a few days after parturition. High in protein Milked secreted for a few days after parturition. High in protein

Weaning Piglets are removed from their mothers and begin to eat on their own. (21 Days) after birth. Piglets are removed from their mothers and begin to eat on their own. (21 Days) after birth.

Ear Notching Method of identifying hogs. Method of identifying hogs. Right Ear: Litter Number Left Ear: Individual Pig

Swine Terminology Type: Close to the ideal type of pig. Type: Close to the ideal type of pig. Pedigree: Record of the animals family. Pedigree: Record of the animals family. Crossbreeding: Mating of different breeds. Crossbreeding: Mating of different breeds. Feed Additives: Substances added to feed to meet certain needs of the pig. Feed Additives: Substances added to feed to meet certain needs of the pig.

Terminal Breeds of Swine Berkshire Berkshire Duroc Duroc Hampshire Hampshire Poland China Poland China Spot Spot

Maternal Breed of Swine Chester White Chester White Landrace Landrace Yorkshire Yorkshire

Hampshire Has a Black and White band on shoulders and legs. Has a Black and White band on shoulders and legs. Good mothers Good mothers Long Body Long Body Origin: England Origin: England Import: Import:

Duroc Light to dark red. Light to dark red. Droopy Ears Droopy Ears Meat Type Hog Meat Type Hog Very Prolific Very Prolific Origin: Eastern United States Origin: Eastern United States Good mothers Good mothers

Yorkshire Large and white Large and white Females are very good mothers. Females are very good mothers. Long Bodies Long Bodies Known for their bacon Known for their bacon Origin: England Origin: England Import: 1800’s Import: 1800’s Large litters Large litters

Hereford Color pattern of a hereford cattle. Color pattern of a hereford cattle. Lean type of hog. Lean type of hog. Origin: Missouri Origin: Missouri Very prolific Very prolific Good mothers Good mothers Ears droop forward Ears droop forward Began Began

Poland China Black with white spots on the feet. Black with white spots on the feet. Very large hog. Very large hog. Excellent feeders Excellent feeders Very quiet Very quiet Origin: Ohio Origin: Ohio Developed: Developed: Low back fat Low back fat

Chester White Origin: Chester Pennsylvania Color: White Good mothers Ears droop forward

Berkshire Origin: England Imported: 1823 Medium size Black with 6 white spots. Good carcass

American Landrace Origin: Denmark Imported: 1934 Color: White Good mothers Large litters

Spots Imported 1880’s- Warren Co. Ohio Imported 1880’s- Warren Co. Ohio Good eaters Good eaters Mature Early Mature Early Prolific Prolific Descended of Poland China Descended of Poland China

Vietnamese Potbelly Origin: Vietnam Origin: Vietnam Dwarf Swine Dwarf Swine Imported 1986 Imported 1986 Average lbs Average lbs Make good pets Make good pets

Tamworth Imported: 1882 Imported: 1882 Color: Red Color: Red Excellent Mothers Excellent Mothers Milk Well Milk Well Known for their Bacon, Hams Known for their Bacon, Hams Grazing pig Grazing pig

Neijiang Origin: China Origin: China High in Fat High in Fat Thick skin Thick skin Average Litter size: 10 Average Litter size: 10

Red Wattle Imported: 1700 Imported: 1700 Lean Carcass Lean Carcass Color: Dark Red Color: Dark Red Excellent Flavor Excellent Flavor

Angeln Saddleback Origin: Germany Origin: Germany Color: Black with White Band around body. Color: Black with White Band around body. Sows: Milk well Sows: Milk well Meat quality: Poor Meat quality: Poor

Pietrain Imported: 1950 Imported: 1950 Color: White & Black Spots Color: White & Black Spots Terminal Breed Terminal Breed High Yield of Lean Meat High Yield of Lean Meat Cross Breed used Cross Breed used

Wild Hogs Origin: Europe Origin: Europe Long Hair, Straight Tail, Long Hair, Straight Tail, 5’ Long 300lbs 5’ Long 300lbs Sport Animal Sport Animal Survive: Eat anything Survive: Eat anything

Ba Xuyen Origin: Vietnam Origin: Vietnam Imported: 1900 Imported: 1900 Short body Short body Litter size: 8 Litter size: 8 Short Legs Short Legs Raised near salty areas Raised near salty areas

Hezuo Origin: China Origin: China Grown in pasture Grown in pasture Slow growth Slow growth Small litter size 4-7 Small litter size 4-7 Long coarse bristles Long coarse bristles

Kele Origin: China Origin: China Raised in pasture Raised in pasture High in fat High in fat Narrow body Narrow body Small body Small body

Meishan Origin: China Origin: China Imported: 1989 Imported: 1989 Slow growing Slow growing Breed at 2-3 months old Breed at 2-3 months old Litter size pigs Litter size pigs

Gloucestershire (Old Spots) Origin: England Origin: England Grazing pig Grazing pig Large litter size Large litter size High milk production High milk production Used to cross with other breeds. Used to cross with other breeds.

Carcass 4 Primal Cuts: 4 Primal Cuts: 1. Ham 2. Loin 3. Boston Shoulder 4. Picnic Shoulder

Weight of Hogs Birth Weight: Birth Weight: Lbs Lbs

Weight of Hogs Weaning Weight: Weaning Weight: 15lbs at 21 days 15lbs at 21 days

Weight of Hogs Slaughter Weight: Slaughter Weight: 250lbs 250lbs

Weight of Hogs Mature Male Weight: Mature Male Weight: lbs lbs

Weight of Hogs Mature Female Weight: Mature Female Weight: lbs lbs

Cold Housing Houses Hogs are kept in buildings that are only 3-10 degrees warmer than outside temperature.

Warm Housing Pigs are kept at a desired temperature. Use mechanical and computer technology.

One Stage Production 1 st -Litter of pigs are born. Until lbs 2 nd - Pigs are sold to another person to be raised to market weight.

Two Stage Production 1 st Pigs are farrowed, nursed, weaned, and started in one pen. 2 nd Moved to a finishing pen until market weight.

Three Stage Production 1 st Pigs are farrowed in pens kept their until weaning. 2 nd Moved to pens with heating until 100lbs. 3 rd Moved to a finishing pen until market weight.

Feeder Pig Production 1 st Pigs weigh lbs 2 nd Pigs are then sold to farms that will feed them to market weight.

Contract Production Contract between a producer and a buyer before pigs are raised.

Swine Feed Corn Corn Soybean Soybean Barley Barley Sorghum Sorghum Wheat Wheat Human Food Human Food

Estrus Period of time a sow is receptive to the male for breeding purpose. Period of time a sow is receptive to the male for breeding purpose. Every 21 Days Every 21 Days Last for 3 Days Last for 3 Days Ovulation (Egg Production) Ovulation (Egg Production)

Fertilization Period of time in which the sperm unites with the eggs. Period of time in which the sperm unites with the eggs. Multiple Fertilizations Multiple Fertilizations

Gestation Time between fertilization and giving birth. (Parturition) Time between fertilization and giving birth. (Parturition) 114 Days 114 Days 3 Months 3 Months 3 Weeks 3 Weeks 3 Days 3 Days

Farrowing Sow Put in Crate 1-5 Days prior to due date. Put in Crate 1-5 Days prior to due date. Exercise Daily Exercise Daily Feed 6lbs Daily Feed 6lbs Daily

Farrowing Iron shot 1/4cc Iron shot 1/4cc Clip Teeth Clip Teeth Castrate Castrate Ear Notch Ear Notch