1. Animal Science and the Industry
Unit B

2. Exploring the Swine Industry
Lesson 3

3. Common Core/ Next Generation Science Standards Addressed
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary describing political, social, or economic aspects of history/social science.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST a - Introduce a topic and organize ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

4. Bell Work 1.Name as many breads of swine as you can?
2.Are pigs Ruminants?
3.Can a gilt be a father and why?
4.What is better ham or bacon, and why?

5. Student Learning Objectives
Locate major physical characteristics of swine.
Describe common swine breeds.
Explain selection of superior animals.
Contrast various pork production systems and methods of marketing hogs.

6. Terms Barrow Boar Farrowing Feeder Pig Gilt Meatiness Meat-type hog
Pedigree
Piglet
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Production testing
Prolificacy
Sow
Specific pathogen free
Type

7. Swine Terms Piglet Barrow Gilt Sow Boar a baby pig
a male pig that was castrated at a young age
Gilt
a young female pig that has not given birth or “farrowed”
Sow
an older female pig
Boar
mature male hog

8. Swine Terms Prolificacy Meat-type hog
the ability to produce large numbers of offspring
Meat-type hog
hog that produces the greatest amount of high value meat cuts

9. What are the major parts of a hog?

10. What are the major parts of a hog?
Main use of swine is for meat
4 primary carcass cuts (most valuable meat)
picnic shoulder
ham
loin
Boston Shoulder
Other carcass cuts (usually ground into sausage)
jowl
side
hock

11. What are the major parts of a hog carcass?

12. What are the common swine breeds and characteristics of the breeds?

13. Duroc Originated in the United States color is varying shades of red
droopy ears
good mothering ability
efficient feed converters
fast growth rate
a meat-type hog

14. Hampshire Originated in England
black hogs with a white belt that encircles the forepart of body, starting behind head and neck
erect ears
foraging ability
leanness of carcass
muscling
used as show animals or in crossbreeding programs

15. Yorkshire Originated in Yorkshire, England
color is white, can have black freckles
long bodies
erect ears
large litters
good mothering ability
good feed efficiency
rapid growth
used as bacon-type hogs or in crossbreeding programs

16. Hereford Originated from the Poland China, Duroc and other breeds
color is red with a white face
droopy ears
prolific
good mothering ability
foraging ability

17. Berkshire Originated in Berkshire & Wiltshire Counties in England
color is black with 6 white points (feet, tail, snout)
erect ears
medium-sized hog
lean carcass

18. Poland China Originated in Ohio
color is black with six white points (feet, tail, & face
drooping ears
large breed
produces carcasses with large loin eyes
very little back fat
commonly used in crossbreeding programs

19. Chester White White in color with drooping ears.
Originated in Pennsylvania.
Very aggressive
Used in cross breeding programs

20. Black and white spots with drooping ears.
Original cross between a Poland China and English spot. Developed in Ohio.

21. Landrace White with very large drooping ears Originated in Denmark
Considered a bacon breed in Europe.

22. Tamworth Red/brown with erect ears. Originated in England/Ireland.
A lean breed, but not noted for exceptional growth.

24. How do I know which hogs are better than others?
Terms
Specific pathogen free (SPF)
these swine are free from diseases at birth/raised indoors
Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)
an inherited neuromuscular disease in heavily muscled animals
Type
means that you are trying to find an animal that is close to ideal as possible

25. How do I know which hogs are better than others?
More terms
Meatiness
describes how much meat and fat an animal has
Pedigree
a record of ancestry or heredity
Production testing
the best way to evaluate and make predictions on an animal’s potential to be productive

26. How do I know which hogs are better than others?
Selection will vary based on your personal preference and production needs
buying wrong animals could lead to failure of your business
Things to look for:
size
health
type
pedigree
production testing

27. How do I know which hogs are better than others?
Health of animals is very important
You want to purchase animals that are disease free
Herds should be certified brucellosis & pseudorabies free
Never buy swine from herds that do not offer health information available from the seller
Test for PSS
Observe animals for parasites & diseases
Isolate animals with problems to avoid spreading

28. How do I know which hogs are better than others?
Select for type
meatiness
genetic defects
PSS
pedigree
avoid genetic defects by researching pedigrees

29. How do I know which hogs are better than others?
Swine registries have production testing for purebred animals
characteristics included in registries
offspring
health
appearance
back fat
ability to grow quickly
reproductive qualities
if breed standards are met

31. What are the different production systems and how do they work?
Terms
Farrowing
process of a female pig giving birth
Feeder pigs
a pig that has been weaned and weighs approximately 40 pounds

32. Sow and Litter Systems
Pigs are farrowed and fed up to slaughter weight at the same farm
confinement or pasture systems
most common swine operations

33. Sow and Litter Systems Confinement Advantages
pigs can be marketed throughout the year
less labor
income throughout the year
Disadvantage
expensive startup costs
Pasture
Advantage
lower initial investment
Disadvantages
more labor intense
production might be limited depending on season

35. Purebred System
Produces breeding stock that others producers will use in their systems
Requires intense management
registration paperwork
Least common operation
Less than 1% of all hogs raised in the U.S. are registered purebreds
Purebreds are extremely important because of breed improvements

36. Purebred Systems To be a purebred producer you must know:
a great deal about genetics
showing & promotion of your breed
Purebred Producers are working to:
create animals that will meet consumer demands

37. Feeder Pig Production System
Breed & farrow litters of piglets
This systems farrows and weans and sells the feeder pigs
Keeps a breeding herd of sows that farrow between 14 to 16 piglets each
Minimal investment is required
Must mange to keep a steady supply of feeder pigs to sell
Less feed is required in this system

39. Finishing Feeder-Pig System
Operations that buy feeder pigs and feed them until they are market weight approximately 240 pounds
Profit is based upon how much feed it takes to produce 1 pound of pork
The less feed it takes the more profit
Balancing feed rations is very important in this system

41. Review What are the major parts of a hog?
What are the common swine breeds and characteristics of the breed?
How do I know which hogs are better than others?
What are the different production systems and how do they work?

42. The End!