Issues and Debates  Ethnocentrism  Nature-nurture  Ethics  Individual and situational explanations  Reductionism and holism  Psychology as a science.

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Presentation transcript:

Issues and Debates  Ethnocentrism  Nature-nurture  Ethics  Individual and situational explanations  Reductionism and holism  Psychology as a science  Determinism and free will  The usefulness of psychological research

Reductionism/Holism  REDUCTIONISM: Specific, physiological approach, makes complex behaviour a result of one factor, condensed, reduced, one cause, ignores other factors that might impact on behaviour.  HOLISM: Looks at all factors, doesn’t simplify, broad, individual difference, big picture

Learning intentions Question A:  Briefly outline what is meant by the reductionist/holistic view of behaviour. Question B:  Describe two pieces of research that support a reductionist/holistic explanation of psychology. Question C:  Discuss the strengths and limitations of the reductionist/holistic explanations of behaviour.

Question A:  Briefly outline what is meant by reductionism explanations of behaviour.  Briefly outline what is meant by holism explanations of behaviour. Breaking down Solutions for complex behaviours Individual differences approach Explores a number of factors determinism Simplest explanation irreducible the whole is more than the sum of the parts physiological nature nurture Scientific approach Both sides of any debate Range of data collection methods

Question A: Reductionism  Main Points  Issues and Debates  Approaches and Perspectives  Methodologies: Breaking down determinism Simplest explanation physiological nature nurture Scientific approach When exploring other issues and debates we have said that it can be reductionist. This is correct but the truest form would be associated with a scientific/ physiological approach.

Question A: Holism  Main Points  Issues and Debates  Approaches and Perspectives  Methodologies: Range of data collection methods Individual differences approach Both sides of any debate Solutions for complex behaviours Explores a number of factors irreducible the whole is more than the sum of the parts individual explanation

Tell me…

Studies ReductionismHolism AS (1) AS (2) A2 (1) Health/ Forensic

Reductionist StrengthsWeaknesses

Holistic StrengthsWeaknesses

Strengths and weaknesses of the reductionism/holism debate? StrengthsWeaknesses

#1#2 1.Ethnocentrism1.Briefly describe 2. Nature/Nurture2 Describe two studies 3. Free will/Determinism3.Strengths 4. Ethics4. Weaknesses 5. Reductionism/Holism5. Issues /debates/perspectives 6. Individual/Situational explanation 6. Methods used to study this.

Essay Questions  Discuss how the developmental approach may provide evidence for the nature/nurture debate (8 marks)  Compare methods used to study individual and situational explanations of behaviour. Use examples of psychological research to support your answer. (8 marks)  Discuss the usefulness of research that emphasises a reductionist explanation of behaviour (8 marks)