1. What is the lesson about today?

2. Pyramid Group Task - Determinism

3. Possible Exam Questions
Outline the determinism vs freewill debate (4) (What does determinism assume? What does freewill assume? What is the debate?)
Describe two pieces of research that highlight the debate (8)
(one study which supports determinism and one theory/study which supports freewill).
Discuss the strengths and limitations of explaining behaviour in a deterministic way (12) (PEC x4).
Determinism is a main issue that arises when studying behaviour from the nature and nurture debate. Explain, why using examples of nature/nurture studies (8) 
(Point, Comment, Evidence, Comment x2)
Use one nature study and one nurture study to show how determinism is LINKED to this debate.
Discuss how research on determinism/freewill is useful in our understanding of everyday life (8)
Determinism is a main issue that arises when studying behaviour from the physiological perspective. Explain, why using examples from any physiological studies (8 marks).

4. Determinism - What are the assumptions?
In pairs - write out assumptions to share with the class
Determinism assumes that:
A person’s actions are controlled by forces outside of their control.
These forces can be internal or external.
Behaviour is therefore predictable.
A person is therefore not responsible for their own actions.

5. There are different types of determinism

6. Hard Determinism Two key assumptions in hard determinism these are :
1)No action or behaviour is free, therefore there is no such thing as freewill; it is an illusion.
2) Every human action has a cause – one action is performed rather than another.
EXAMPLE:

7. Biological determinism
This is behaviour that is determined by factors inside ourselves.
This could be inherited behaviour, inherited through genes.
This links in with hard determinism
EXAMPLE:

8. Soft Determinism
Argues people’s behaviour is a direct result of the environment.
BUT only to a certain extent.
There is an element of free will in all behaviour yet it is controlled by outside forces.
Behaviour maybe highly constrained by the situation or moderately constrained by the situation.
EXAMPLE:

9. Describe two pieces of evidence that are deterministic (8 marks) (Think of 1 AS and 1 A2 study and how they link to this debate)

10. Describe two pieces of evidence that are deterministic (8 marks) (Think of 1 AS and 1 A2 study and how they link to this debate)

11. Ideas – A2 Health Studies (Deterministic)
Examples:

12. How is determinism linked to….
Behaviourist
The behaviourist perspective believes that all behaviour is …
Psychodynamic
The psychodynamic approach says that behaviour is due to unconscious processes…
Physiological
The physiological approach basis behaviour on biological factors….
Cognitive
The cognitive approach explains that behaviour is due to thought processes…

13. Strengths and Weaknesses
Determinism

14. The structure should be PCEC
Essay planning task:
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the determinism debate? (12 marks)
What are the strengths and weaknesses of explaining behaviour from a deterministic viewpoint? (12 marks)
You need 2 strengths and 2 weaknesses with EVIDENCE.
The structure should be PCEC

15. What are the strengths of a deterministic approach?
A deterministic approach can be useful as it emphasises cause & effect which can help us understand and interpret the world more easily. C
This is a strength because… E
Brunner’s study on genetic abnormality suggests…….
This suggests that aggressive behaviour is …….

16. What are the weaknesses of a deterministic approach?
Deterministic explanations are reductionist as they reduce complex human behaviour down to simple explanations. C
This is a weakness because… E
Farrington’s study suggests that
This is a reductionist explanation as it suggests that behaviour is

17. What are the strengths of a deterministic approach?
A deterministic approach is more scientific…… C
This is a strength because… E
Sperry’s study on the functions of hemispheres ……

18. What are the weaknesses of a deterministic approach?
A deterministic approach leaves us with no responsibility for our actions therefore individuals would cease to take responsibility for their actions, so anti-social behaviour would increase C
This is a weakness because… E
In the case of Peter Sutcliffe –

19. Homework PCEC To plan an answer to the following question:
What are the strengths and weaknesses of explaining behaviour from a deterministic viewpoint? (12 marks)
PCEC

20. Lesson 2:Pyramid task – Free will

21. Psychological theories and Free will
What are the main assumptions? In pairs list as many assumptions as you can.
Humanistic approach - believes humans are unique and plan their own actions.
Humanists argue that regarding behaviour as determined is dehumanising.
Rogers – difficult decisions make us unique.
Maslow – hierarchy of needs.

22. What is the debate?
The debate is between whether our behaviour is determined (or decided) by factors outside our control e.g. biology such as genes and hormones or situational factors, such as the environment OR whether individuals are free to choose how to behave.

23. Describe two pieces of evidence that supports the free will viewpoint (8 marks) (Think of 1 AS and 1 A2 study and how they link to this debate)

24. Describe two pieces of evidence that supports the free will viewpoint (8 marks)

25. Describe two pieces of evidence that supports the free will viewpoint (8 marks)

26. A2 Ideas - Ideas – A2 Health Studies (Free will)
Examples?

27. Strengths and weaknesses
Free will

28. The structure should be PCEC
Essay planning task:
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the free will debate? (12 marks)
What are the strengths and weaknesses of explaining behaviour from a freewill viewpoint? (12 marks)
You need 2 strengths and 2 weaknesses with EVIDENCE.
The structure should be PCEC

29. What are the strengths and weaknesses of explaining behaviour through a freewill viewpoint? (12)

30. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the freewill/deterministic debate?
Free-will: Fits in with societies view of individual responsibility.
Determinism: A deterministic approach is more scientific. It isolates variables and tries to examine them under scientific conditions. Society is then more willing to accept these findings.
WEAKNESSES
It is difficult to separate whether human behaviour is caused by freewill/determinism as sometimes it is a combination of both. Both viewpoints on its own are reductionist as they limit behaviour to one explanation.
The freewill/determinism debate is reductionist in that the freewill debate says all behaviour is determined by the individual in control of their behaviour whereas the deterministic debate says that our surroundings and or biology can determine our behaviour and development.

31. Other Essay Plans:

32. Discuss whether deterministic explanations are useful in our everyday life (8 marks)
Example:
Point: The deterministic approach helps to look at cause and effect within studies which can then lead to suitable practical applications such as therapies for the individuals.
Comment:
Evidence: Raine….looked at the differences in the metabolic rates of parts of the brain.
Comment: Early prevention and intervention could help reversing the biological deficits

33. Discuss whether deterministic explanations are not useful in our everyday life (8 marks)
Example:
Point: Deterministic explanations can lead to ethical problems as behaviour is assumed to be outside the control of the individual. This has implications as to how the individual explains the crime he/she has committed.
Comment:
Evidence:

34. A possible ‘out of the box’ question can come up in Section B e. g
A possible ‘out of the box’ question can come up in Section B e.g. Determinism is a main issue that arises when studying behaviour from the physiological perspective. Explain why, using examples from any physiological studies (8 marks).
You need to mention a range of physiological studies from both AS and A2 and show how they link to determinism.
POINT
EVIDENCE
COMMENT
X 2
Why is it important to include AS and A2 studies? This paper is synoptic, therefore you must demonstrate knowledge from throughout the whole course and including both ensures this.