THE EARLY AMERICAS Ancient America
Migration Where? Bering Land Bridge Why? Climate When? 43,000 – 10,000 BCE Proof? American Indians and Siberians in Northern Asia
Agriculture Modern-day Mexico Earliest plants: squash, chili peppers, avocado, corn (small ears) Later ( BCE): beans, new squash, pumpkins, cotton (from Peru) In lowlands: manioc and maize 2300 BCE – almost all people depend on agriculture Modern-day Peru 5000 BCE: quinoa, potatoes, corn, bean, chili peppers Domesticated llamas
The Olmecs (1200 – 400 BCE) Created ceremonial centers Centers had art and architecture La Venta Colossal Heads Were “almost civilized” No cities 400 BCE (became the Maya) Diet was different from other Riv Civs (see Smithsonian article)
Zapotec BCE – 700 CE) Began as early as the Olmecs Products: pottery, rituals objects, mirrors, ceramics Monte Alban
Andean South America: Chavin (1200 BCE – 200 BCE) Named for Chavin de Huantar in central Peru Temples Cultural connection After 200 BCE Influence Tiwanaku Huari Nazca
Difference between West and East No metal tools No wheels No transportation animals No writing system Sooo….Can we call them a civilization?