2. The First Americans 9-1

4. I am gone! Run Forest Run!

5. Land Bridge Glaciers Beringia- land bridge

6. Hunting and Gathering  Gathered nuts, fruits, or roots  Hunted woolly mammoth, antelope, caribou, and bison  Warmer weather changed this and animals went extinct!

7. Early Societies of Mesoamerica

8. Olmecs- AKA Teotihuacian- “Place of the Gods”  Mesoamerica – central America  7000 BC agriculture Beans, chili peppers, avocados, squash  4000 BC maize & tomatoes  3000 BC villages Turkeys, Barkless Dogs No need for wheeled vehicles (no horses) Used rivers as highways

9. Olmec Cities  Elaborate Ceremonial Centers Monumental Pyramids TemplesToombs PalacesDrainage Systems  Veracruz  San Lorenzo  La Venta (800-400 BC)  Tres Zapotes (400-100 BC)

11. Social Classes  Rulers  Priests  Artisans & Craftsmen  Farmers

12. Government  Authoritarian Colossal Human Heads  10 ft. Tall, 20 tons  800,000 man-days of labor Military Force  Obsidian  Trade

13. Decline & Fall  400 BC  Traditions Endured Maize Temple Pyramids Calendar Ball Games Human Sacrifice

14. Toltec  Take over abandoned Mayan Cities  Mayans build a huge empire on the Yucatan Peninsula  No one is sure why they left  Toltecs move in years later and start a monopoly on trade

15. Aztec- conquered the Toltecs  Toltec People take over Mayan Area  Conquer many lands  Monopoly on Trade  People could not make weapons  Invaders from the north come- Aztecs  By the 1500’s- they ruled nearly 5 million people

17. Moche  Dry coastal desert- along the west coast of South America  Plenty of food thanks to irragation  Hunted llamas, guinea pigs, and fished  Never expanded

18. Once the Capital “Remnants of monumental architecture in the Moche Valley, Peru. Once the capital of the Moche empire, the Huaca del Sol (Pyramid of the Sun) was built of more than a million adobe bricks, many bearing the markers of their makers or the patrons of these ancient brick masons.” Huaca del Sol

19. Llamas can fly! The size of a VW bug!

20. The Moche People grew corn, squash, beans, and peanuts. They also hunted llmas and guinea pigs and fished in the Pacific Ocean.

21. Rise of the Incas