1. Mesoamerica and South America

2. Similarities and differences of Asia and America
Religious shrine centers
Shaman- communicated with spiritual world for the community
City states- politics, trade, and religion
Specific individual cities
America-
Built by water- lakes or small rivers
No metal tools
No wheels or animals to pull carts
Llamas used as pack animals \
No writing systems/ except the Maya

3. Origins Migrations Agriculture
Migrated from Siberia- land bridge years ago
5000 BCE grew maize
Wild crops, hunting animals
3000 BCE grew beans and gourds

5. Olmec- 1500 BCE San Lorenza- 1150 BCE -first city of Olmec city
900 BCE San Lorenza was destroyed
La Vente- 800 BCE- small island in the middle of a swamp
400BCE the city was destroyed
No one knows why either city was decimated

6. Zapotec 1400 BCE San Jose Mogote- first city Traded with the Olmec
Monte Alban BCE population grew to 50,000
Influence of this city peaked to about 700 CE then decline

7. Teotihuacan Great city of the ancient world
200 BCE -500 CE about 100,000 people lived in the city
Nearby lake provided: irrigation, fish, salt, waterfowl
They city produced a multitude of pottery, ornaments, weapons, and other necessities
By 650 the city was deliberately burned down

10. Successor States in the Valley of Mexico
Toltecs emerged in Valley by 900 C.E.
Toltecs honored Quetzalcoatl, god of Teotihuacan
Aztecs entered valley after 1170 C.E.
Developed civilization of 200,000
Militaristic society
Practiced human sacrifice
Destroyed by invading Spanish with help of neighbors of Aztecs

11. The Rise and Fall of the Maya
Maya incorporated Teotihuacan and Olmec ideas as well as their own
Located on the Yucatan peninsula
Classic phase ( C.E.) included cities, monumental architecture, extensive sacrifices, and elaborate burials

12. The Rise and Fall of the Maya
The Great City of Tikal
Religious and cultural center with political and economic role
Contained 360,000 people at its height
Developed calendar combining cosmic and historic events with agricultural cycle
Shaman-Kings bridged daily life and spirit world

13. The Maya Decline Classical period ended in 900 C.E.
Suspected reasons for decline include population pressure, climate change, warfare, pressure on resources
Some new Mayan towns emerged during decline at core
Few Mayan cities remained to greet Spanish arrival

15. Palenque

16. Chichen Itza

17. Comalcalco

18. Tikal

19. Urbanization in South America
Few ties to Mesoamerican trends
Both regions built around religious shrines
Both areas developed empires: Aztec and Incan
Main South American civilization in Andes mountains at 11,000 feet rather than arid Pacific coast regions of present day Ecuador, Peru, and Chile

20. South America Coastal Settlements and Networks Moche- 200 bce-600
Pacific coast was a source of fish and cotton
Labor brigades channeled river flow from Andes into irrigated fields
Moche and Chimu were the major states of the coastal region
Moche- 200 bce-600
Chimu- 600 took over when Moche left, lasted until 1470 when conquered by Inca

22. Chavin
Moche

23. Nazca
Tiwanaku

26. Coastal

27. Urbanization in the Andes Mountains
Trade networks connected mountains and coast
Chavin are first known Andean civilization
Tiwanaku irrigated high plains and established religious ritual and administrative practices that were preserved by successor states
Huari
Nazca

28. The Inca
Combined Chimu (coastal), Chavin, Tiwanaku, Huari and Nazca (Andes) cultures into single empire
Capital at Cuzco in Andes at 11,000 feet
Cusi Yupanqui established hereditary monarchy in 1438 using unpaid labor system (mit’a)
Had administrative system for conquered areas

31. Inca Empire 2000 miles north to south, 200 miles inland 1476-1534
Adapted gods and religious symbols, artwork, ceramics and textiles of earlier states.
Capital at Cuzco- 10,000 feet up the mountain
Connected rest of empire by miles of roads, tunnels, causeways, suspension bridges, travel lodges, and storage places
Cusi Yupanqui crowned ‘inca’ king emporer
Entire empire known as Inca, extremely militaristic