Introduction to Cells

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell

The Animal Cell 12.

The Animal Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell

The Plant Cell 9.

The Plant Cell

Cell Structure and Function Cell wall –Plants, algae, fungi, and some bacteria –Made of cellulose –Very porous –Aids in protection –Gives support to cells

Cell Structure and Function Chlorophyll –Green pigment –Absorbs light Chloroplasts –Contains chlorophyll –Found in plants and algae only –Food production in plants

Cell Structure and Function Leucoplast –Store food (starch) in plants Potato cells stained with iodine

Cell Structure and Function Chromoplasts –Stores pigments in plants Gives fall leaves their color

Cell Structure and Function Cilia –Hair-like projections on the surface of the cell -Used for movement cilia

Cell Structure and Function Cytoplasm –Gel-like substance on the inside of the cell

Cell Structure and Function Endoplasmic reticulum –Series of canals, flattened stacks –Smooth or rough- can have ribosomes attached to it –Internal transport system of cell

Cell Structure and Function Flagella Whip-like structures used for movement

Cell Structure and Function Golgi body (apparatus) –Chemicals collected from ER in flattened sacs –Stores and packages chemicals –Modifies proteins and moves them through cytoplasm

Cell Structure and Function Lysosome –Formed in Golgi bodies –Contains strong degrading enzymes –Digests large particles in the cell

Cell Structure and Function Mitochondria –Release energy from cell –The “powerhouse” –Double membrane, inner membrane folded

Cell Structure and Function Nucleus –large most prominent structure in cell –Controls cell’s activities –Transmits hereditary information

Cell Structure and Function Nuclear envelope –Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm –Contains pores allows substances to pass in and out of nucleus

Cell Structure and Function Nucleolus –Found in nucleus –Produces ribosomes

Cell Structure and Function chromosome –Made of DNA and proteins –Rod like structures seen only during cell division –When the cell is not dividing it exists as CHROMATIN –Carry genetic information from one generation to the next

Cell Structure and Function chromosome

Cell Structure and Function Plasma Membrane or Cell membrane Outer boundary of animal cell Made of double layer of lipids and proteins Allows substances to enter and leave the cell

Cell Structure and Function Ribosome –Makes proteins –Tiny knob like structures –Can be bound to ER (rough ER) or free in cytoplasm

Cell Structure and Function Vacuole –Very large in plants –Bubble like structures –“warehouse” or “storeroom” of the cell –For water, liquids, food or waste

Cell structure and function Centrioles –Animal cells only –Aid in cell division

The Cell theory The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes Types of Cells Prokaryotes- simple cells that have no membrane bound organelles Ex.- bacteria Eukaryotes- cells that have membrane bound organelles Ex.- all multicellular organisms, unicellular protists

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Plants vs animal cells OrganelleAnimalPlant CentriolePresentAbsent Cell wallAbsentPresent ChloroplastAbsentPresent VacuoleSmallLarge

Typical cells Cheek cells Onion cells Elodea cells We will be looking at each of these cells in the lab activity

Cell Parts Review