Medical Imaging Research & Presentation Name & abbrev. When was it first discovered & by whom? How does it work? (BE SPECIFIC) What does it help identify/used for? Problems/Cautions with using? Limitations? Images (3) –be able to describe what is being shown.

Why study Chemistry in Anatomy? Food & medicines are all made of chemicals. Chemical reactions underlie ALL body processes – Ex) Digestion – Ex) Movement – Ex) Pumping of the heart – Ex) Thoughts

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Matter “stuff” of the universe Anything that occupies space & has mass

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Although plasma is the most common form of matter in the Universe, it is NOT one of the 3 types found in the body

Complete the Types of Matter Chart Write each of the three types of matter Define each type Provide at least TWO examples of each type found in the body.

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Energy: Has NO mass Does NOT take up space

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Energy: Measured by its effect on Matter

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Energy: Often referred to as the ability to do work or put matter into motion

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy When energy is doing work: Kinetic Energy

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy When energy is inactive or stored, it is called Potential energy

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy All forms of energy exhibit BOTH Kinetic and potential energy

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Generally a physics topic, BUT It is difficult to separate WORK and ENERGY

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Bio Relation : Since all living things are built of matter, and to grow and function they require a continuous supply of energy.

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Thus matter is the substance and energy is the mover of the substance.

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Check your understanding: How are matter and energy interrelated?

Chemistry: Matter vs. Energy Check your understanding: Answer: matter makes up living and nonliving things. Energy moves these things.

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #1: Chemical Energy a)Stored in the bonds of chemical substances (potential energy) b)Broken bonds release energy (kinetic energy)

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #1: Chemical Energy i.Nonbio Example: Gasoline molecules  run a car ii.Biology Example: Food molecules  run your body

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #2: Electrical Energy a)Results from the movement of charged particles i.Nonbio Example: in the house  electrons (electrical energy) runs through wires

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #2: Electrical Energy ii.Biology Example: In body  electrical current is generated when ions (charged particles) move across cell membranes.

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #2: Electrical Energy iii.Biology Example: In body  runs along nerves (called nerve impulses) to transmit messages from one part of the body to another

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #3: Mechanical Energy a.Energy directly involved in moving matter i.Biology Example: When you ride a bike. HOW?

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #3: Mechanical Energy i.Biology Example: When you ride a bike. HOW? When you ride a bike your legs are moving the pedals  muscles contract (shorten), pulling on the bones, causing the leg to move

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #4: Radiant Energy a.Energy of the electromagnetic spectrum Infrared radiation (heat) X-rays Radio UV Visible light gamma

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #4: Radiant Energy b.Travels in waves i.Biology Example: Light stimulates the retinas of the eyes (contract or dilate pupils)

Forms of Energy the Body Uses to do Work #4: Radiant Energy ii.Biology Example: Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) causes sun burn but also stimulates our bodies to make Vitamin D.

Check your understanding 1.What type of energy is available when we are still? 2.What form of energy is used in X-Rays? 3.What form of energy is used to transmit messages from one part of the body to another? 4.What form of energy is heat? potential radiant electrical

Energy Form Conversions 1.Energy is generally easily converted from one form to another.

Energy Form Conversions a.Nonbio Example: Chemical energy (from gasoline) that powers the motor of a speedboat is converted into the mechanical energy of the whirling propeller that allows the boat to move across the water.

Energy Form Conversions b.Biology Example: Chemical energy (of food) is trapped in the bonds of a high-energy molecule called ATP, which may ultimately be transformed into the electrical energy of a nerve impulse or mechanical energy of contracting muscles

Energy Form Conversions 2.Energy conversions are quite inefficient, and some of the initial energy supply is always lost to the environment as heat.

Energy Form Conversions a.Nonbio Example: Touch a light bulb after it has been lit. Some of the electrical energy has been converted to heat (IR) instead of light.

Energy Form Conversions b.Biology Example: Likewise, all energy conversions in the body produce heat. This heat makes us warm-blooded animals and contributes to our relatively high body temperature, which has an important influence on enzyme functioning.

Energy Form Conversions i.Example: When matter is heated its particles begin to move more quickly (their kinetic energy increases)

How does this relate to chemical reactions? Answer: The higher the temperature, the more molecules move around; therefore more collisions occur  higher rate of reaction (This works up to a point…diminishing returns)

Check your understanding What does it mean when we say some energy is “lost” every time energy changes from one form to another in the body? ANSWER: The energy is not destroyed just changed from what it is needed as to some other form like… heat

Common Elements of the Human Body 1.Divide the elements into “major” & “lesser” components 2.Using only the “major” elements, determine the % of element 3.Using the remaining “lesser” elements, speculate on the % of each.

Common Elements of the Human Body Does your list match mine? Major (96.1%) Oxygen 65.0% Carbon18.5% Hydrogen 9.5% Nitrogen3.2% Lesser (3.9%) Calcium 1.5% Phosphorus 1.0% Potassium0.4% Sulfur0.3% Sodium0.2% Chlorine0.2% Magnesium 0.1% Iodine 0.1% Iron0.1%

Common Elements of the Human Body 4.Write the symbol of each element 5.Cut out the “Roles” of each element. 6.Match each “Role” to the elements. 7.Show the teacher for “OK” BEFORE you glue them. 8.You will receive the full credit when they are correct.