1. Energy

2. What is Energy?
The ability to make things move/cause change or to do work
Any change
Every change that occurs involves energy….changes REQUIRE energy
SI Unit – Joule ( J )

3. Work
The transfer of energy from one object to another Work is when a force moves an object Also SI unit: Joule (J) Energy is the ability to do work. You are doing work. Your pencil is doing work. Both of you have energy.

4. Can you make things move?
Then you have energy…
…but there are many different kinds of energy…

5. Curriculum Connection
Everything we learn this year is connected in some way and we learn it in a logical order.
Think back to our previous units:
How is energy related to (or how does it build upon what we already learned about) motion and forces?

6. Review Slide
What is the SI unit for each quantity? Write in your comp book – help each other if you need to.
Force
Height
Work
Mass
Energy

7. Chemical Energy What holds atoms in molecules together
Has the “potential” to be released by chemical reactions like burning wood
FOOD (CPE)

10. What is Chemical Energy?
Energy that is available for release from chemical reactions.
The chemical bonds in a matchstick store energy that is transformed into thermal energy when the match is struck.

11. Examples of Chemical Energy

12. Electrical Energy
The movement (KE) of electrons through conductive matter
newly derived from electrical PE
Electricity is a form of electrical energy

15. What is Electrical Energy?
Energy caused by the movement of electrons
Easily transported through power lines and converted into other forms of energy

16. Thermal Energy (HEAT)
The random motion, or vibration, of atoms in matter
The faster the atoms vibrate the more heat energy they have
How we measure temperature

17. What is Thermal Energy?
Heat energy
The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are.
A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid movement.
A cooler object's molecules and atoms will show less movement.

19. Light/Radiant Energy The energy carried by light
Yes, whenever you are looking at light, you are looking at energy

20. What is Electromagnetic Energy?
Light energy
Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light, infrared rays, microwave and radio bands

23. Mechanical Energy The total energy of moving things PE + KE = ME
When you ride a bike you use mechanical energy
Anytime you or an object does work.

24. What is Mechanical Energy?
Energy due to a object’s motion (kinetic) or position (potential).
The bowling ball has mechanical energy.
When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred to the pins!

25. Examples of Mechanical Energy

27. Nuclear Energy
Holds protons and neutrons together in an atom’s nucleus
Atoms can split (nuclear fissure) or fuse together (nuclear fusion)
Powers the sun and nuclear power plants

31. Sound Energy Vibrates air molecules
The air molecules move tiny bones in your ear
The message of sound then moves to your brain
Can also vibrate objects

34. Energy Transformations
When one form of energy changes to another form, this is called an energy transformation.
Energy transformations occur most often between potential and kinetic energy.

35. Potential to Kinetic
Falling objects- at the top of the hill, the ball has potential energy. As it rolls down the hill, its potential energy decreases, but as it gains speed its kinetic energy increases.

36. Energy can be transformed from one form to another
Chemical energy in gasoline is changed to heat energy and then to mechanical energy in a car

37. Energy can be transformed from one form to another
When you eat, your body converts the chemical energy in food into thermal energy.

38. QUIZ TIME!
Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines.
When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy?
MECHANICAL ENERGY

39. QUIZ TIME!
What energy transformation occurs when an electric lamp is turned on?
ELECTRICAL ENERGY 
ELECTROMAGNETIC/RADIANT ENERGY

40. What types of energy are shown below?
Mechanical and Thermal Energy
(Don’t forget friction)

41. What type of energy is shown below?
Chemical Energy (CPE)

42. What types of energy are shown below?
Electrical, Mechanical and
Electromagnetic/Radiant Energy

43. What type of energy is shown below?
Chemical Energy (yummy)

44. What type of energy is shown below?
Thermal Energy

45. Energy Transfer Sound (mechanical) Electrical Thermal Mechanical
Chemical
Electrical
Light
(Electromagnetic)

48. Power
The rate energy is transformed. (Rate work is done) The more power something has, the quicker the energy transforms. Example) a runner running burns energy more quickly than someone walking, therefore they have more power Can you think of another example?

49. What is the difference?

51. Kinetic energy: energy of a moving object because of its motion
(Depends on MASS and SPEED)
Potential energy: stored energy due to its position
“Has the potential to move”

52. Kinetic = moving [falling apple]
potential = stored (not moving)
The apple has the ability to cause change…therefore, it has energy
If the apple stays in the tree, the energy is stored as potential energy, if it falls, there is a change of motion (kinetic energy)

53. TYPES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
Elastic Potential Energy - energy stored by something that can stretch or compress (like a rubber band or a spring)
The stretching of the rubber band shows elastic pot. Energy – it flying through air is kinetic
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) – the stored energy for anything that can fall (the energy stored by objects due to their position above the Earth’s surface
Depends on the MASS & HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND

54. Which Type?

55. Which Type?

57. Which Type?

58. Law of Conservation of Energy
As energy is transformed, it is neither created or destroyed. It stays the same. It is conserved. The amount of energy in the entire universe is always the same. It just transforms into different forms. (Friction can absorb some of the energy, but it doesn’t destroy it)

59. Which type of energy. How is this the Conservation of Energy
Which type of energy? How is this the Conservation of Energy? Why does it eventually stop?

60. Both Potential and Kinetic. The friction eventually slows it down
Both Potential and Kinetic. The friction eventually slows it down. Friction causes the energy to transform to thermal (heat) energy. Kinetic energy and potential combined make thermal energy.

61. RECAP:
-The amount of energy in the Universe never changes. It just transforms (changes into different forms). The Law of Conservation of Energy. -There are two main types of energy: Kinetic (motion) and Potential (has the potential for motion) -There are many other forms of energy that can transform into each other. -The unit for energy is the joule and energy is simply the ability for something to change.