Periodic Properties SPS4a Determine the trends of the following: Number of valence electrons Types of ions formed by representative elements Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Phases at room temperature Periodic Properties SPS4b Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for the representative elements.

Groups The group number is the number assigned to a vertical column on the periodic table. Another name for group is a Family There are 18 groups in the periodic table. Groups 1, 2, 13 – 18 are representative

Periods 1. The period number is the number assigned to a horizontal row on the periodic table. 2. The number of protons increase from left to right across a period. 3. This number is the atomic number. The period number indicates how many energy levels (rings) each atom has.

METALS shiny-luster solids (except Hg) malleable ductile (stretch to wire) conduct heat & electricity most elements are metals

NONMETALS solids, liquids & gases luster-dull brittle poor conductors upper-right hand corner (& H)

Metalliods along stairstep line – between B & Al (Al is not a metalloid!) classified as nonmetals but conduct heat and electricity under certain conditions some metal & nonmetal properties

Periodic Family Names Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals (D- Block) Nobl e gases Halogens (D- Block) <---Transition Metals-----------> (F—block) <-----------------Inner transition------------------>

Group 1 - Alkali Metals soft, shiny reacts violently with water VERY reactive, one valence e- to lose; cation

Alkali metals http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Metals 2 valence e-; cation reactive

http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

Transition Metals Groups 3-12 Ions change – changes properties NOT REPRESENTATIVE!

Halogens -Group 17 -1 ions, highly reactive 7 valence e-

Noble Gases Group 18 unreactive, 8 valence e- exist as single atoms, inert

Phases of Elements 1. Liquids: You must know: Hg and Br 2. Gases: Don’t memorize, but you need to know their general location. Gases are towards the right side of the periodic table. 3. Solids: All metals, except Hg - mercury

Vocabulary to know Valence electron: electrons in the outermost energy level (ring) Cation: (+) charged ion Anion: (-) charged ion

To get as close to an “octet” as possible Why ions form... To get as close to an “octet” as possible

Octet Rule Atoms tend to share, gain or lose electrons to have a set of eight (8) electrons in their outer shell.

Metals Most elements are metals. 88 elements to the left of the stair step line are metals or metal like elements.

Metals Shiny, silvery, solids

Mercury, Hg

Charged atom or group of atoms Ions are …. Charged atom or group of atoms

By loss or gain of electrons Ions are formed…. By loss or gain of electrons

Positive ions Cations

Negative ions anions