1. Families of Elements
Section 3.3

3. Major Classifications
Metals
Shiny solids
Easy to stretch and shape
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Usually form CATIONS
Semiconductors
Intermediate conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals
Solids, liquids, or gases
Solids are usually dull and brittle
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Usually form ANIONS

5. Alkali Metals

6. Alkali Metals Group 1 (first vertical column)
All are relatively soft metals
All are highly reactive (explode in water)
All have one valence electron (one electron in their outer shell)
All form cations with a +1 charge when they lose that valence electron

7. Alkaline Earth Metals

8. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 (second vertical column)
All are reactive, but less-reactive than Alkali metals
All have two valence electrons (two electrons in their outer shell)
All form cations with a +2 charge when they lose those valence electrons

9. Transition Metals

10. Transition Metals Groups 3 to 12
Much less reactive than Alkali Metals or Alkaline Earth Metals
Some have different numbers of valence electrons
All form cations
Many different cations are possible for any one element (Au+, Au3+)

11. Halogens

12. Halogens Group 17 Highly reactive, especially with alkali metals
Range from gas to liquid to solid as you move down the column
All form diatomic molecules (like Cl2)
All form anions with a charge of -1.

13. Noble Gases

14. Noble Gases Group 18 All are inert, or unreactive All are gases
All have full valence electron shells
Most do not form cations or anions, but remain as atoms.