Question: How do we use our understanding of DNA and DNA Technology to make life easier, more sustainable, more fun, and more delicious?
Problem There are close to 7 billion people on Earth. Space and resources are limited. How will we be able to feed future generations and provide them treatment for diseases, both present and future?
DNA
Roles of DNA 1.Blueprint (building instructions) on how to build an organism 2.Passes hereditary info from parents to offspring (inherited characteristics) Can be manipulated
Watson, Cricke, and the Double Helix
Griffith’s Experiment
#1 Transformation The passing of genetic info from one organism to another.
Chargaff: Introduction to Base Pairing
#2 Hershey and Chase : DNA or Proteins?
#2 Viruses infect the host and inject DNA so that the host makes new viruses.
Ok, so what do we do with it now?
The Role of Man
Human Nature: Because just understanding the secret of life isn’t enough Solving Crimes Curing Diseases Finding long lost relatives Solving mysteries Designer babies Finding out who’s baby it is Finding out who’s dog pooped in your yard Combining species (recombinant DNA)
Human Genome Project
GMOs
GMOs: DNA Technology
Nuclear Transfer Cloning clonezone/
Cloning X2
Nuclear Transfer
Recombinant DNA
Insulin in bacteria beer/exhibition-interactive/recombinant- DNA/recombinant-dna-technology- alternative.html
Recombinant DNA
Blood Vessels= Growth and Development
GFP
Gene Expression/Regulation in Prokaryotes
Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Homeotic Genes
Homeotic Genes/Homeobox
DNA Technology technology-applications.html portal.com/academy/lesson/practical- applications-of-dna-technology.html
Totally Frivolous Uses of DNA Technology insanely-frivolous-uses-dna-technology_p2.html
DNA Replication
DNA Replication DNA Replication: process by which DNA is copied before the cell divides. Replication Fork: Site where DNA splits and DNA replication occurs (there are multiple replication forks).
DNA Replication DNA Helicase: Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between bases during DNA replication DNA Polymerase: enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA by adding nucleotides DNA ligase: Enzyme that joins nucleotides (DNA glue) Okazaki Fragments: Short fragments of DNA created on lagging strand of DNA during DNA replication Leading Strand: Strand of DNA that is copied continuously (toward the fork (5’-3’) Lagging Strand: Strand of DNA that is copied in the opposite direction of the movement of the fork. (3’-5’)
DNA Replication
Leading Strand vs Lagging Strand student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication __quiz_1_.html
DNA Facts There is 6 feet of DNA in EVERY cell in your body Your DNA contains over 3 Billion base pairs Your DNA has over 23,000 genes which means you can produce 23 thousand different protiens.
RNA Three types a. mRNA=messenger b. tRNA = transfer c. rRNA = ribosomal Single strand Ribose backbone Substitutes Uracil (U) for Thymine (T)
Key Words for Protein Synthesis Gene- section of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Messenger RNA (mRNA)- nucleic acid that copies the DNA and takes it to the Ribosome. Ribosome- Organelle that builds proteins using mRNA and tRNA. Transfer RNA (tRNA)- nucleic acid that matches up codon to anticondon and drops off amino acids in the correct order. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structural material of ribosomes
Key Words Continued Codon- Group of three nitrogen bases found on the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid. Anticodon- Group of three nitrogen bases found on the tRNA that matches up with the codon and drops off the correct amino acid. Amino Acid- Building blocks of proteins that are placed in the correct order by matching codon to anticodon along the length of a gene.
Steps to Protein Synthesis Transcription DNA Opens one Gene One side of the DNA is copied by the mRNA mRNA travels outside the Nucleus to the Ribosome Translation Ribosome attaches to the mRNA. tRNA matches up codon to anticodon and drops off the correct amino acid A chain of amino acids is created which is a protein
Translantion