Results of the Persian Wars The Greek sense of uniqueness was increased. Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece. Athens organized the Delian League, an alliance with other Greek city-states. Athens used the league to assert power and build an Athenian Empire. They moved the treasury to Athens, and forced people to stay in the league against their will.

THE AGE OF PERICLES The wise and skillful leadership of Pericles brought about a Golden age in Athens. From about 460 to 429 B.C. and is often called the Age of Pericles. Three goals: 1) protection 2) Beautification 3) Democracy

PERICLES ACCOMPLISHMENTS Pericles believed that all male citizens, regardless of wealth or social class, should take part in government. WHY??? The assembly met several times a month and needed at least 6,000 members present to take a vote. This was direct democracy, a large number of citizens took part in the day to day affairs of the government. He paid salaries to men who held public office. This enabled the poor to serve in the government. Pericles stated, “We alone, regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs, not as harmless, but as a useless character.

LIFE IN THE GOLDEN AGE Trade brought great wealth to Athens. Merchants from other parts of world moved to city, bringing own foods, customs Athens very cosmopolitan as result Grand festivals, public celebrations, events Athletic games and city theaters Athens was the heart of Greek culture

Draw Conclusions What made the 400s a golden age in Athens? ANSWER: trade brought great wealth; cosmopolitan city; city rebuilt; center of Greek culture and politics, Education flourished

ALL GOOD THINGS MUST COME TO AN END!! As the leader of the Delian League, Athens was the richest, mightiest polis in Greece. Being rich and mighty brought many powerful rivals. The greatest of which was Sparta (Peloponnesian League), which wanted to end its dominance

The Peloponnesian War A war between the Delian League (Athens) and the Peloponnesian League (Sparta) Athens  democracy Sparta  oligarchy The fighting took over Greece and lasted 27 years

CAUSES OF WAR Answer(s): mutual fear; What caused the Peloponnesian War? Answer(s): mutual fear; Sparta feared Athens would stop it from trading, Athens feared the military POWER of the Peloponnesian League

STRUGGLES OF ATHENS Athens faced a serious geographic disadvantage from the start. Sparta was located inland, the Athenian navy was no good against them. When Sparta invaded Athens, Pericles allowed people from the countryside to move inside the city. BIG MISTAKE Overcrowding led to a plague that killed a third of the people. Internal struggles undermined the Democratic government of Athens. Sparta even allied with Persia, their old enemy, against the Delian League.

DO NOW NAME AT LEAST TWO CAUSES OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR? Answer(s): MUTUAL FEAR a. Athens Afraid of Power of Spartan Army b. Sparta afraid of alliance and cutting of trade Formation of leagues/alliances Overall differences of the two city-states

DO NOW #2 What were the 4 main struggles that Athens was going through during the PELOPONNESIAN WAR? Answer(s): Geography of Athens- Sparta is inland, Athenian navy is useless Plague- overcrowding and hunger Athenian corruption in their government after Pericles’ death Sparta’s alliance with Persia

The Course of War War in Greece Plague and Peace Sparta’s Victory Initially neither side gained much advantage Sparta, allies dominated land; Athens, allies dominated sea Athenians avoided land battles; neither side won more than minor victories Plague and Peace 430, 429 BC, plague struck Athens, changed course of war Pericles, Athens’ leader through beginning of war, among dead After plague, fighting heated up until truce in 421 BC Sparta’s Victory 415 BC, war broke out again; Sparta took to sea as well as land, destroyed Athenian fleet; Athens surrendered 404 BC Peloponnesian War almost destroyed Athens; Sparta won but was exhausted and run down by war

THE AFTERMATH The Peloponnesian war ended Athenian greatness. Culture stops in Athens Fighting continued to disrupt the Greek world All of Greece was left vulnerable to invasion because of their inability to ever unite

WHERE WE ARE GOING NEXT!!! After victory, Sparta’s army tried to act as Greece’s dominant power Sparta’s wealth, resources badly strained, power worn down Spartans could not keep control of Greece City-state of Thebes defeated Sparta, could not maintain control either Struggle for power led to long cycle of warfare that left all Greece vulnerable to attack PREVIEW FOR TOMORROW- 340s BC, Macedonia, Greek-speaking kingdom to north, swept in, took control of all Greece

TIMELINE Peloponnesian Wars, 431-404 Pericles builds long walls. 430-426: plague ravages Athens; Pericles dies. At this point, Athens appears to be winning. 421-414: brief Peace. 415-413: Sicilian Expedition: Athenian disaster. 411: oligarchy at Athens; repulsed by democratic fleet. 406: Battle of Arginusae; generals condemned to death. 405: Battle of Aegospotami: Spartan victory. 404: Athens surrenders, brief oligarchic Rule of the Thirty Tyrants. 403: less expansive democracy is restored